Study for the final exam - york
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| mechanical nociception | show 🗑
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| show | pain triggers chemical reactions from tissue damage
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| show | small, myelinated fibers that transmit sharp pain/ first pain
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| show | unmyelinated fibers that transmit dull, aching pain/ secondary pain
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| A-beta fibres | show 🗑
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| show | Stimulation-Produced Analgesia
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| show | Beta-endorphnis, Proenkephalin, polynorphins
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| show | chronic benign pain, recurrent acute pain, chronic progressive pain
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| show | wishful thinking, social withdrawal
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| show | acute but not chronic pain
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| show | MMPI profiles in which the first three scales are all elevated (Depression, Hysteria, and Hypochondriasis). Seen in highly neurotic individuals.
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| neurotic triad profile elevates.... | show 🗑
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| Counterirritation: | show 🗑
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| Biofeedback | show 🗑
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| Does Biofeedback work? | show 🗑
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| show | distinct from placebos and activate higher-order brain regions
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| Hypnosis: | show 🗑
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| Hypnotherapy has successfully controlled... | show 🗑
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| show | is effective but most useful in conjunction with other techniques
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| Coping techniques: | show 🗑
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| show | education, training and group therapy, involvement of family, evaluation of pain management program
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| show | Relaxation and biofeedback -60; Biofeedback only -45; Relaxation only -38; placebo biofeedback -20
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| Quality of life includes | show 🗑
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| How strongly are medical measures related to quality of life | show 🗑
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| show | acute and initial phases
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| Denial | show 🗑
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| Depression: | show 🗑
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| show | can lead patients to make extreme decisions about their care
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| Depression is more common in | show 🗑
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| show | Hope and optimism can occur, particularly if patient feels they escaped death, Many come to reorganize their priorities in a meaningful way such as focusing on relationships more
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| show | better functioning psychologically and in illness and living
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| Self- concept | show 🗑
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| show | refers to an evaluation of the self-concept as good or bad
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| show | fear and uncertainty about the future, limitations in physical abilities, appearance, and lifestyle, pain management
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| show | active coping and coping with positive responses
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| Functional Somatic Syndrome | show 🗑
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| Functional Somatic Syndrome | show 🗑
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| Functional Somatic Syndrome | show 🗑
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| show | accidents (drowning, poisoning, injuries, falls, motor vehicle)
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| #2 cause of death ages 1-15 | show 🗑
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| young children (< 5 years) understand death as | show 🗑
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| children 5-9 years understand death as | show 🗑
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| at ages 9 or 10 understand death as | show 🗑
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| show | Unintentional injury (especially car accidents)
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| Premature death before projected age of 81 usually due to | show 🗑
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| show | degenerative disease
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| The facotrs that predict decline in health are | show 🗑
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| show | free from avoidable suffering - 11 core themes
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| What is a Good Death?: | show 🗑
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| show | denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance
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| Kϋbler-Ross’s 5 stages of adjustment to death does not fully acknowledge | show 🗑
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| thanatologists | show 🗑
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| show | Second leading cause of death
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| CHD Coronary Heart Disease | show 🗑
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| CHD Coronary Heart Disease | show 🗑
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| show | Risk factors include high blood pressure, diabetes, stress, inactivity, high cholesterol
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| show | a general term referring to illnesses caused by atherosclerosis, the narrowing of coronary arteries, the vessels that supply the heart with blood
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| What contributes to CDH (Coronary Heart Disease?) | show 🗑
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| show | leading killer of women in the Canada and most developed countries
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| show | Higher levels of HDL when younger protects & estrogen lowers sympathetic NS arousal
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| show | tied to elevated C-reactive protein (marker of inflammation)
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| show | dietary intervention, stop smoking programs, aerobic exercise, relaxation training, speech style interventions (to modify hostility)
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| show | Beta-adrenergic blocking agents—resist NS activation, Aspirin is commonly prescribed—thins blood, decreases clots. Statins—for cholesterol
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| show | 90% is essential (unknown), 5% is caused by failure of the kidneys
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| show | the greatest force developed during contraction of the heart
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| Diastolic: | show 🗑
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| show | systolic
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| show | early blood pressure reactivity is a predictor.. genetic factors and emotional factors
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| Acculturation is associated with hypertension in... | show 🗑
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| show | low-sodium diet , reduction of alcohol, weight-reduction, exercise, caffeine restriction, CBT
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| Drug treatments for hypertension | show 🗑
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| show | Hypertension (often symptomless)
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| show | 3rd leading cause of death in Canada
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| Stroke | show 🗑
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| Stroke | show 🗑
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| show | heart disease
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| show | high blood pressure, heart disease, cigarette smoking, high red blood cell count and transient ischemic attacks
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| Consequences of stroke: | show 🗑
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| Consequences of stroke: | show 🗑
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| Types of rehabilitative interventions for Stroke | show 🗑
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| show | chronic condition of impaired carbohydrates, protein, and fat metabolism that results from insufficient secretion of insulin or from insulin resistance
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| show | Heart disease by 2-4X & kidney failure
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| show | Blindness (leading cause), blood vessel damage, diabetic neuropathy (nerve damage)
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| show | overweight, over 65, apple shaped, little excercise, high blood pressure, genetics, high risk ethnic group (indigenous, black, latin, asian, pacific islander)
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| show | insulin-dependent, abrupt onset of symptoms resulting from lack of insulin production by the beta cells of the pancreas, result of viral infection, autoimmune reactions, and genetics
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| show | Non-insulin dependent, A disorder of middle-age, striking those over age 40, Obesity major contributor,
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| show | Stress. Lack of social support even more problematic
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| Managing Type II Diabetes: | show 🗑
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| show | cognitive-behavioural interventions to improve adherence to their regimen, weight control improves glycemic control, behaviour mod
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| show | increase nutrition, decrease unhealthy substances (eg triglycerides), while looking at health signs like obesity, diabetes and cholesterol
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| Insulin resistance | show 🗑
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| show | heart disease, lipid problems, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, dementia, cancer, polycystic ovarian syndrome, fatty liver disease
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| show | zonulin (controls gut permeability)
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| What is Psychoneuroimmunology?: | show 🗑
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| show | cells and antibodies, A state of Immunocompetence - immune system is working effectively
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| the surveillance system of the body | show 🗑
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| The immune system: | show 🗑
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| show | Relaxation (research shows higher NK cell activity after relaxation intervention)
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| show | stress, depression and grief (permanently affect the immune system in ways that persist into adulthood)
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| Autoimmune Disorders | show 🗑
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| History of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) | show 🗑
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| show | a retrovirus (Human immunodeficiency virus - HIV) - attacks helper T-cells, highly variable time between contracting and developing symptoms
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| show | mild early symptoms - flu like 3-6 weeks - then asymptomatic period (Can be many years), immune system increasingly compromised, opportunist infections (kaposi sarcoma, gynecologic infection)
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| Treatment for HIV | show 🗑
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| show | decline in helper T cells
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| Cancer | show 🗑
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| Why is cancer hard to study? | show 🗑
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| What leads to cancer? | show 🗑
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| show | Psychological stress lowers ability of NK cells to destroy tumours, alterations in biological stress regulatory pathways may affect course of cancer
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| show | pain and discomfort, down-regulation of immune system, fatigue
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| show | cosmetic problems, surgical removal of organs, body image concerns, use of prosthesis, nausea and vomiting, immune suppression
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| Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA): | show 🗑
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| show | 45%.... 27%....... 9.7%....... 2.8%
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| show | aspirin, rest, supervised exercise, cognitive-behavioural interventions, enhancement of perceived self-efficacy
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| show | Most common form of arthritis in Canada - 4.4 million in 2010
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| show | obesity is the only modifiable risk factor
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| show | the articular cartilage (smooth lining of a joint) begins to crack or wear away because of overuse
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| Osteoarthritis | show 🗑
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| show | keeping weight down, exercise, aspirin
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| Gout | show 🗑
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| show | skin rash can appear on the face, leading to chronic inflammation, pain, heat, redness and swelling
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| what leads to greater expectancy for pain in the future? | show 🗑
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| show | facial and audible expressions, distortions in posture or gait, negative affect, avoidance of activity
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| show | persists longer than 6 months, intractable to treatment (ex chronic low back pain)
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| Recurrent acute pain | show 🗑
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| Chronic progressive pain | show 🗑
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| show | cortisol responses to stress, morbidity and mortality
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| One of the most important parts of evaluating quality of life is | show 🗑
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| most benefits reported by myocardial infarction patients involved....... while cancer patients reported changes in.... | show 🗑
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| show | stable set of beliefs about one's qualities and attributes
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| self esteem | show 🗑
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| show | 41% uncertainty about future, 24% limitations, 12% pain management
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| Chronic illness sufferers use more | show 🗑
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| show | the same
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| show | depression
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| Who has a higher burden of disease | show 🗑
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| A difference in psychotherapy done with medical patients | show 🗑
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| show | collaboration with family and Dr. important & must have comprehensive knowledge of illness and treatment
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| A difference in psychotherapy done with medical patients | show 🗑
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| Main cause of infant death in Canada | show 🗑
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| Leading cause of death in Canadian children after first year | show 🗑
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| Second leading cause of death in Canadian children after first year | show 🗑
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| Major cause of death in adolescence | show 🗑
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| show | suicide (followed by cancer then homicide)
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| show | heart attack or stroke
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| show | 120.... consistently between 140-159=hypertension
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| show | communication disorders, difficulty learning new tasks, short term memory tasks, anxiety and depression
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| Right brain stroke damage includes | show 🗑
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| Many interventions to increase treatment adherence include | show 🗑
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| show | measuring numbers of different kinds of cells in the immune system by looking at blood samples., and assessing the functioning of immune cells
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