Cognitive Psychology: Cognition & Memory
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| Memory | capacity to register, retain, and remember information. Learning that persists over time
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| Multistore Model of Memory | information moves through multiple stores
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| Information Processing Model of Memory | (Atkinson-Shiffrin came up with model) there are 3 memory systems: sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory
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| Sensory Memory | memory system that holds external events from the senses for up to a few seconds, includes iconic or echoic memory
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| Iconic Memory | a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli
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| Echoic Memory | a momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli
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| Short-Term Memory (STM) | Working memory, 20 seconds before forgotten; capacity of seven plus or minus two items of information. Place where we keep memories that we are actively working with or small amounts of information, stems from selective attention and maintenence rehearsal
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| Selective Attention | the focusing of awareness on stimuli in sensory memory that facilitates its encoding into STM
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| Rehearsal | conscious repetition of information to either maintain information in STM or to encode it for storage
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| Maintenance Rehearsal | repetition that keeps information in STM about 20 seconds.
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| Elaborative Rehearsal | repetition that creates associations between the new memory and existing memories stored in LTM
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| Long-term memory (LTM) | relatively permanent storage with unlimited capacity, LTM is subdivided into explicit (declarative) memory and implicit memory. Can result from elaborative rehearsal
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| Explicit Memory (Declarative) | memory of facts and experiences that one consciously knows and can verbalize
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| semantic memory | memory of general knowledge or objective facts
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| episodic memory | memory of personally experienced events
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| Implicit memory (nondeclarative) | retention without conscious recollection of learning the skills and dispositions. Implicit memories include
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