Terminology
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| show | Limited Radiography
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| show | Continuing Education
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| show | American Society of Radiologic Technologists (ASRT)
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| show | Limited X-Ray Machine Operators
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| show | American Registry of Radiologic Technologists (ARRT)
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| The profession's largest programmatic accrediting agency; reviews a program's admission policy, curriculum, academic practices, and faculty qualifications. | show 🗑
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| show | Radiologic Technologist
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| An individual other than a radiologic technologist who performs diagnostic x-ray procedures on selected anatomical sites. | show 🗑
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| show | Consumer-Patient Radiation Health and Safety Act
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| The education, knowledge, skills and procedures required as defined by the ARRT in order to practice limited radiography; an examination created by the ARRT to ensure competency in the aforementioned areas that candidates may take and pass in order to obt | show 🗑
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| show | Certification
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| A procedure required to maintain an active status of the certification. | show 🗑
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| Used in referring to state laws; the process by which a person seeks to practice their profession under the jurisdiction of a certain state. | show 🗑
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| One of the ARRT Examinations available to states to administer for the purpose of licensing radiology technicians to perform bone densitometry examinations. | show 🗑
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| show | Asymptomatic Patients
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| show | Symptomatic Patients
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| Needs that must be met for physiological and psychological survival and growth; Physiological needs are related to survival (food, water, air, shelter); whereas psychological needs relate to requirements for love, belonging, and self-esteem. | show 🗑
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| show | Empathy
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| Acknowledgement of another person's emotions or concern for another person. | show 🗑
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| show | caring
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| show | Patient Advocate
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| The difference between cultures; including language, religion, beliefs, traditions, social forms and ways of life. | show 🗑
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| show | Communication
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| Order in which authority and power in an organization is wielded and delegated from top management to every employee at every level of the organization. | show 🗑
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| show | Code of Ethics
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| show | Philosophy
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| show | Ethics
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| Involves the knowledge and application of modern medical technologies. | show 🗑
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| Involves the knowledge and application of modern medical technologies. | show 🗑
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| show | Professional Ethics
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| Freedom to govern one's self and make one's own decisions according to the one's own moral principles. | show 🗑
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| An individual's right to disclosure of all information related to a medical procedure or treatment to assure the person's full understanding for voluntary consent to accept medical care. | show 🗑
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| show | Mental Capacity
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| show | Implied Consent
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| show | Confidentiality
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| In Healthcare; a duty to others to provide or improve conditions that promote physical and emotional well-being. | show 🗑
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| show | Nonmalificence
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| The balancing and fair distribution of medical care, facilities, and resources for society. | show 🗑
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| Laws enacted by legislative bodies, such as the United States Congress or State Legislative bodies. | show 🗑
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| Statutes written by boards or agencies that have been established by legislative bodies for areas where certain kinds of expertise are required to develop specific regulations. | show 🗑
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| System of applied law that usually develops in the absence of codified written laws or laws enacted through legislation (Pertinent Statutes). | show 🗑
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| show | Constitutional Law
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| Any willful attempt or threat to inflict injury upon the person of another. | show 🗑
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| Any unlawful touching of another that is without justification or excuse. | show 🗑
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| show | False Imprisonment
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| The omission to do something that a reasonable person would do or the doing of something that a resonable or prudent person would not do. | show 🗑
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| The International failure to perform a manifest duty reckless disregard of the consequences as affecting the life or property of another. | show 🗑
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| Legal term for both negligence, which may be unintentional and gross negligence, which is intentional. | show 🗑
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| The act of bringing harm to another person's reputation through libel (Written Word) or slander (Spoken Word). | show 🗑
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| show | Do Not Resuscitate (DNR)
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| "The thing speaks for itself" a situation where the injured person in no way contributed to his/her injury. | show 🗑
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| show | Respondent Superior
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| show | Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)
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| show | Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)
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| The prevention of the spread of infectious conditions and diseases. | show 🗑
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| show | Nosocomial Infections
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| An inflammatory process in response to a disease causing organism. | show 🗑
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| An object that has been contaminated with a pathogen and serves to spread disease. | show 🗑
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| show | Vector
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| Organisms that cause disease that are transmitted through the environment by dust or droplet contamination. | show 🗑
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| The absence of all disease-producing microorgamisms. | show 🗑
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| show | Disinfection
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| Procedures or techniques used to destroy microorganisms before they enter the body. | show 🗑
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| A set of procedural directives and guidelines published by the CDC to prevent parenteral, mucous membrane, and nonintact skin exposures of healthcare workers to bloodborne pathogens. | show 🗑
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| A set of safeguards designed for patients documented or suspected to be infected with highly transmissible or epidemiologically important pathogens for which additional precautions beyond standard precautions are needed to interrupt transmission in a hosp | show 🗑
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| The science of fitting the job to the worker. | show 🗑
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| show | No Manual Lift Policy
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| Measures that let us know how a patient is doing on very basic levels for functioning-body temperature, pulse rate, blood pressure and respiration rate. | show 🗑
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| Rhythmic dilation of an artery produced by the flow of blood into the vessel by contraction of the heart. | show 🗑
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| show | Respiration
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| The force of the flow of blood exerted against the walls of the blood vessels. | show 🗑
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| show | Anaphylactic Reactions
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| show | Anaphylactic Shock
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| A protein that , when introduced to the body, causes the formation of antibodies against it. | show 🗑
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| show | Cardiac Tamponade
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| A Blue Discoloration. | show 🗑
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| show | Diaphoresis
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| Convulsion or coma occurring in a pregnant or newly delivered woman; can be predicted by the presence of protein in the urine and rising blood pressure. | show 🗑
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| show | Epilepsy
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| Temporary loss of consciousness due to loss of blood supply to the brain. | show 🗑
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| An increase in the amount of air entering the alveolar sacs. | show 🗑
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| show | Pulmonary Embolus
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| show | Stroke
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| Temporary loss of consciousness caused by dropping blood pressure. | show 🗑
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| A clot of blood formed and lodged within a blood vessel. | show 🗑
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| show | Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)
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| A toxic condition produced by the retention of excessive byproducts of protein metabolism in the blood. | show 🗑
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| show | Vertigo
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| Nose bleed. | show 🗑
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| show | Physics
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| The International System of Units which gives the internationally agreed-upon metric and non-metric units for weights and measure. | show 🗑
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| show | Mass
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| show | Meter
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| The S.I. unit of exposure dose for x-rays and gamma rays; formerly known as Roentgen (R). | show 🗑
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| show | Roentgen (R)
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| The S.I. unit of radiation absorbed dose; also expressed as joules per kilogram. | show 🗑
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| 100 ergs of energy absorbed by 1 gran of absorbing material. | show 🗑
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| show | Sievert (sv)
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| show | Radiation Equivalent Man
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| show | Substance
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| show | Mixture
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| A chemically distinguishable substance consisting of only one kind of atom. | show 🗑
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| The physical principle that energy can neither be created nor destroyed but only converted from one form to another. | show 🗑
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| show | Energy
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| show | Work
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| show | Joule
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| show | Radiation
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| Energy possessed when an object is in motion; expressed in terms of mass and velocity. | show 🗑
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| The rate of motion of an object; measured in meters per second. | show 🗑
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| show | Potential Energy
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| The tendency of a moving body to remain in motion or a stationary body to remain at rest. | show 🗑
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| show | Momentum
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| show | Quantum
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| show | Atoms
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| A tabular arrangement of the elements according to their atomic number so that elements with similar properties are in the same column. | show 🗑
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| The number of protons in a nucleus; the atomic number is unique to a specific element. | show 🗑
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| The number of protons and neutrons in a nucleus. | show 🗑
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| Chemical combinations atoms into substances. | show 🗑
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| A substance composed of like molecules. | show 🗑
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| A positively charged fundamental particle found in the nucleus of an atom. | show 🗑
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| show | Neutron
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| show | Electron
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| show | Nucleus
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| show | Nucleons
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| show | Isotope
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| An electrically charged particle. | show 🗑
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| The amount of energy needed to remove an electron from its orbital shell; the closer to the nucleus an electron is, the more binding energy it has. | show 🗑
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| The rule that the number of electrons in the outermost shell of an atom; can never exceed 8 electrons. | show 🗑
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| show | Inert
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| Describes an atom that has exactly eight electrons in the outermost shell. | show 🗑
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| The number of electrons in the outermost shell of an atom; also known as its chemical combining characteristic | show 🗑
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| Radiation that does not cause the production of charged particles (ions). | show 🗑
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| Ionizing radiation consisting of physical particles such as electrons or neutrons. | show 🗑
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| Radiation consisting of an electrical component and an magnetic component; described in terms of energy, wavelength, and frequency. | show 🗑
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| High-energy electromagnetic radiation resulting from radioactive decay of the nucleus. | show 🗑
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| Separate packets of energy constituting the electromagnetic radiation. | show 🗑
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| The massless particle that conveys electromagnetic force, x-rays and light. | show 🗑
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| The S.I. unit of frequency; expressed as 1/s. | show 🗑
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| Product of radioactive decay composed of two protons and two neutrons; a heluim nucleus. | show 🗑
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| show | Beta Particles
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| The normal amount of radiation expected from unavoidable natural and artificial sources. | show 🗑
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| show | Background Radiation
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| A way to explain to a patient how much radiation the receive from a medical examination compared to the amount of radiation received while spending time in their natural living environment. | show 🗑
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| A positively charged atom as a result of the loss of an electron. | show 🗑
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| show | Anion
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| Any process that prevents x-ray photons from reaching the patient or radiographic film. | show 🗑
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| show | Scatter Radiation
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| When a low energy x-ray photon interacts with an atom and the target atom releases another x-ray photon having the same wavelength and energy as the original, resulting in no energy transfer and no ionization. | show 🗑
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| show | Photoelectric Effect
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| When an x-ray photon interacts with an electron in the outer orbital shell ejecting an electron and ionizing the atom while redirecting the original x-ray photon with decreased energy and a longer wavelength. | show 🗑
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| When an extremely high-energy x-ray photon strikes an atomic nucleus, thus ejecting a nuclear fragment. | show 🗑
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| show | Pair Production
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| An electron released or ejected from a substance by photoelectric effect. | show 🗑
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| show | Characteristic Radiation
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| The uppermost point, the position of maximum positive value, of a progressive wave. | show 🗑
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| A type of luminescence or "light up" that occurs when certain phosphors (Calcium Tungstate) absorb radiation. | show 🗑
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| Electrical current that periodically alternates its direction back and forth. | show 🗑
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| The movement of electrical charge. | show 🗑
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| show | Conductor
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| A material that resists the flow of electricity. | show 🗑
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| show | Electrification
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| The difference in electrical potential between two points on an electrical conductor. | show 🗑
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| show | Volts
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| show | Current
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| The S.I. base unit of electrical current; also expressed as 1 coulomb/second | show 🗑
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| show | Ohms
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| show | Magnetism
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| show | Cathode
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| Is located outside the glass x-ray tube and consists of a series of electromagnets spaced equally around the neck of the x-ray tube. The stator induces the rotation of the rotor. | show 🗑
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| A window segment constructed at the point where the primary x-ray beam exits the glass envelope of the x-ray tube. | show 🗑
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| show | Filament
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| A metal commonly used to construct filaments; desirable for its high melting point and because it does not readily turn into gas. | show 🗑
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| An element turning into its vapor state. | show 🗑
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| A filament material; desirable because of its high melting point. | show 🗑
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| show | Molybdenum
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| show | Thermionic Emission
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| Is located within the glass x-ray tube and consists of copper bars and soft iron designed around a molybdenum shaft. The rotor is responsible for rapidly rotating the anode when the stator is depressed. | show 🗑
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| show | Anode
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| show | Focusing Cup
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| The effect whereby the apparent focal spot is smaller than the actual focal spot of an x-ray tube resulting from the electron stream striking an angled target. | show 🗑
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| The region of the x-ray tube target where the electron beam is focused. | show 🗑
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| The actual size of the focal spot on the anode (on which the electron stream impacts). | show 🗑
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| show | Effective Focal Spot
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| Diminished x-ray intensity at the anode end of an x-ray tube due to self-absorption in the anode. | show 🗑
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| show | Bremsstrahlung Interactions
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| show | Characteristic Interactions
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| show | Leakage Radiation
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| The light source used to produce x-rays. | show 🗑
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| show | Window
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| show | Filtration
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| show | Collimator Shutters
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| A decrease in energy of a wave or a beam of particles, occurring as the distance from the source increases as a result of absorption, scattering, spreading in three dimensions. | show 🗑
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| show | Remnant Radiation
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| show | Tube Heat Capacity
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| A position in which the patient lies face up on a tilted table or bed with the head lower than the pelvis. | show 🗑
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| show | High-Voltage Transformer
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| The part of an x-ray machine circuit on the input side of the high voltage transformer; begins at the main power switch and includes the autotransformer, line voltage compensator, kilovolt peak meter, circuit breaker, timers and the filament circuit. | show 🗑
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| show | Autotransformer
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| show | Line Voltage Compensator
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| show | Kilovolt Peak Meter
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| A device used to automatically terminate the electrical current in the event that predetermined values for exposure, current, etc. are exceeded. | show 🗑
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| The electric circuit connected to the autotransformer responsible for delivering electrical current to the x-ray tube. | show 🗑
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| An exposure-timing device that is controlled and driven by an electrical synchronous motor. | show 🗑
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| The product of x-ray tube current and exposure time; a measure of x-ray quantity | show 🗑
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| Records the mAs on the secondary side or the high voltage step-up transformer and terminates the x-ray exposure once a pre-determines mAs value is recorded. | show 🗑
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| Detector timer designed to terminate the exposure time when the image receptor has received the proper amount of radiation. | show 🗑
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| show | Phototimer
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| Responsible for increasing the voltage of the primary circuit; begins and ends with the secondary side of the step-up transformer. | show 🗑
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| show | Half-Wave Rectification
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| A type of rectification that utilizes both halves of the AC voltage pulse in which four diodes are used in order to create a positive current flow in one direction. | show 🗑
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| A device used in radiography to measure the volume of tissue thickness of a body part. | show 🗑
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| show | Fixed Kilovoltage Technique
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| show | Automatic Program Radiography (APR)
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| A technique designed to use high kilovoltage for penetration, usually 100 kVp and greater | show 🗑
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| Properties of a quality diagnostic radiograph, namely, density and contrast. | show 🗑
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| show | Geometric Properties
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| Factors that control production of the visible radiographic image. | show 🗑
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| The unit of x-ray tube current. | show 🗑
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| One of the exposure factors; the period when something occurs; measured in seconds or milliseconds. | show 🗑
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| An exposure factor that defines the peak or highest amount of current applied to the x-ray tube. | show 🗑
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| show | Source-to-Image Distance (SID)
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| show | Density
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| A measure of the heat accumulated in the anode of an x-ray tube due to self-absorption in the anode; capacity calculated by multiplying mA, time and kVp. | show 🗑
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| show | Film Fog
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| show | Kilovoltage
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| show | Distance
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| show | Inverse Square Law
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| show | Contrast
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| show | Subject Contrast
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| show | Film Contrast
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| Control of the field size of and x-ray bean tat limits the amount of scattered radiation interacting with the body. | show 🗑
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| show | Beam Filtration
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| show | Compression of Tissue
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| The degree of definition, of the sharpness of the structural lines, as recorded in the radiographic image. | show 🗑
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| Variation from normal shape; a misshapen radiographic image. | show 🗑
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| Enlargement of the size of the actual anatomical part. | show 🗑
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| show | Small Focal Spot
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| show | Large Focal Spot
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| The practice/rule of placing the object (Anatomy) as close to the image receptor as possible in order to reduce magnification and geometric blur. | show 🗑
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| Results in image blurring in the center of the film; occurs when cassettes are constantly opened for loading, unloading, and cleaning. | show 🗑
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| show | Film Resolution
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| show | motion
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| show | Central Ray
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| show | Intensifying Screens
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| show | Grids
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| A position in which the body part/patient is rotated 45 degrees from the image receptor. | show 🗑
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| The physical appearance of the body or body build. | show 🗑
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| show | Sthenic
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| show | Hyposthenic
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| show | Asthenic
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| A body type that is large and stocky | show 🗑
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| show | Anatomic Position
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| show | Body Planes
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| One of the three primary body planes, also referred to as the frontal plane. | show 🗑
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| One of the three primary body planes; divides the body into left and right portions. | show 🗑
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| show | Transverse
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| Of or closest to the front. Used in positioning to indicate structures toward the front of the body; In positioning, used to describe the patient facing the film. | show 🗑
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| Of or closest to the back. Used in positioning to indicate structures toward the back of the body; in positioning, used to describe the patient facing the radiographic tube. | show 🗑
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| show | Surface Landmarks
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| show | Erect
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| A positioning terminology, refers to the body position lying down. | show 🗑
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| A positioning terminology, refers to the body lying on the back. | show 🗑
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| A positioning terminology, refers to the body position lying face down. | show 🗑
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| show | Decubitus
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| show | Image Quality
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| Using a set of criteria or a checklist in preparation of image production in order to avoid errors and produce a diagnostic-quality radiograph | show 🗑
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| show | Evaluation Criteria
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| show | Image Evaluation
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| show | Photographic Factors
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| show | Geometric Factors
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| A specific body part position, such as supine or prone; refers to the patient's physical position | show 🗑
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| show | Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen
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| A branch of the biological sciences which involves the study of the effects of ionizing radiation on living tissue | show 🗑
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| show | Ionization
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| show | Absorption
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| show | Absorbed Dose
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| Also called reduction division; Creates 2 identical cells each containing only 1/2 (23) of the usual 46 chromosomes | show 🗑
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| show | Mitosis
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| The measure of the response of a biological organism to radiation | show 🗑
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| Explains the radiosensitivity of various human cells to ionizing radiation | show 🗑
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| show | Apoptosis
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| 2 methods of radiation delivery (1) a protracted dose of radiation is delivered continuously at a lower dose rate (2) a fractionated dose is delivered at the same dose rate but divided into equal fractional quantities of radiation | show 🗑
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| A method used to calculate the effective absorbed dose for all types of ionizing radiation | show 🗑
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| A point or level of radiation exposure (dose) at which a response or reaction first occurs | show 🗑
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| show | Linear Energy Transfer (LET)
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| show | Relative Biological Effectiveness (RBE)
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| show | Direct Effect
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| show | Indirect Effect
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| An event in which a water molecule is ionized resulting in free ions capable os recombining with other free radicals to form new molecules | show 🗑
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| The theory which states that there are one or two critical targets for radiation to damage in a cell | show 🗑
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| show | Somatic
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| Effects that may not be apparent in the exposed individual but which may be passed on to future generations through genetically damaged chromosomes | show 🗑
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| Effects that occur in a random way and whose severities are not dose dependent | show 🗑
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| Somatic effects that are directly related to the dose of ionizing radiation received; as the radiation dose increases the deterministic effect increases | show 🗑
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| Also called Radiation Illness; Occurs after humans receive large doses of ionizing radiation to the entire body within a short period of time | show 🗑
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| show | Benefit-Versus-Risk Principle
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| A U.S. government agency responsible for regulating the nuclear energy industry | show 🗑
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| The maximum amount of radiation allowed under radiation safety standards; defined for the whole body, body parts and calendar periods. MPD has been replaced by effective-absorbed dose-equivalent limits | show 🗑
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| show | Effective Dose-Limiting System
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| show | Stochastic Effects
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| Physiological effects that appear in the individual within days or weeks after a significant external exposure to radiation (nausea, hair loss, sore throat, hemorrhage, diarrhea) | show 🗑
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| show | Late Somatic Effects
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| Report that states that for educational and training purposes, radiation workers less than 18 years old be limited to an annual dose limit of 1 mSv (0.1 rem) | show 🗑
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| show | Repeat Examinations
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| show | Aperture Diaphragm
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| A simple beam-limitation device consisting f a circular metal tube with a flared end. | show 🗑
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| show | Collimation
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| show | Positive Beam-Limiting (PBL) System
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| Attenuation of the primary x-ray bean as a result of its passage out of the x-ray tube through the insulating medium and tube window | show 🗑
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| Sheets of metal placed in the path of the primary x-ray beam to make it a more penetrating beam | show 🗑
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| show | Grid
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| show | Air-Gap Technique
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| show | Gonadal Shielding
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| The key principles of radiation protection: time, distance and shielding | show 🗑
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| show | Workload (W)
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| Used to modify the shielding requirement for a particular barrier by taking into account the fraction of the workweek that the space beyond the barrier is occupied. | show 🗑
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| show | Primary Protective Structural Shielding
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|
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| A protective barrier that runs parallel to the primary beam and protects diagnostic radiology personnel from secondary (leakage) radiation | show 🗑
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| A report on Medical Exposure of Pregnant and Potentially Pregnant Women that discusses the risks associated with fetal exposure | show 🗑
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| An obsolete guideline that states that pelvic of abdominal x-ray examinations of women of child-bearing age be done only in the first 10 days following the onset of menstruation | show 🗑
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| A key medical organization composed of diagnostic radiologists, radiation oncologists, interventional radiologists, nuclear medicine physicians and medical physicists. | show 🗑
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| show | Film Badge
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| A personnel radiation monitoring device, which, when heated, produces light proportional to the radiation exposure | show 🗑
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| show | Pocket Ionization Chamber
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|
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| show | Digital Imaging
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|
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| Procedure in which images may be electronically transmitted over distances to other healthcare facilities | show 🗑
|
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| show | Bit Depth
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| show | Digital Imaging Processing
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|
||||
| The basic formation of a two-dimensional image that consists of Columns (M) and Rows (N) of pixels | show 🗑
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| show | Voxel
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| show | Pixels
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|
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| show | Digital Radiography (DR)
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|
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| show | Computed Radiography (CR)
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|
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| show | Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC)
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|
||||
| show | Digital Image Production
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|
||||
| A material used to capture radiographic images in computed radiography systems | show 🗑
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| show | Digital-to-Analog Converter
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|
||||
| The process of recording a radiographic image without a separate image reader cassette | show 🗑
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||||
| show | Exposure Index (EI) Number/Exposure Index Value
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|
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| show | Window Width
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|
||||
| A range of data the radiographer can manipulate on a digital radiograph in order to adjust the image brightness | show 🗑
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||||
| show | Modulation Transfer Function (MTF)
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|
||||
| show | Spatial Resolution
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|
||||
| show | Dynamic Range
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|
||||
| The ability of a digital radiography system to display subtle changes in shades of gray of a radiographic image; also known as Radiographic Contrast | show 🗑
|
||||
| Occurs when a patient's imaged anatomic structure(s) are smaller than the detector element size; results in a "smeared" appearance and reduced contrast | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Noise
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|
||||
| A set of values defining the spatial resolution for a specific digital detector system | show 🗑
|
||||
| A type of noise caused by insufficient sampling resulting in artifacts on a radiograph | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR)
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|
||||
| show | Quantum Mottle
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|
||||
| show | Exposure Latitude
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|
||||
| show | Detective Quantum Efficiency (DQE)
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|
||||
| Used to describe the nominal radiographic exposure required to obtain a diagnostic image; similar to speed | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Deviation Index
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|
||||
| show | Scanned Histogram
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|
||||
| show | Grayscale Rendition
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|
||||
| show | Contrast Enhancement
🗑
|
||||
| Cropping the electronic image of a radiograph in order to remove the white collimation borders from a digital image and thus reduce veil glare; should never compensate for poor collimation | show 🗑
|
||||
| Part of the pre-processing phase in which the appropriate raw data min and max values to be used for image grayscale rendition are identified | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Edge Enhancement
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|
||||
| show | Electronic Collimation
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|
||||
| show | Image Orientation
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|
||||
| Cropping the electronic image of a radiograph in order to remove the white collimation borders form a digital image and thus reduce veil glare; should never be used to compensate for poor collimation | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Interpolation Techniques
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|
||||
| A computerized database used by radiology departments to store, manipulate, and distribute patient radiological data and imagery | show 🗑
|
||||
| The maximum achievable spatial resolution | show 🗑
|
||||
| A distracting presence of whit borders around the digital image; allows extra light to enter the eye while viewing a digital image | show 🗑
|
||||
| The addition of text or markers to a digital image through specialized software | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Flatfielding
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|
||||
| show | Hospital Information System (HIS)
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|
||||
| show | Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS)
🗑
|
||||
| System that transfers images and other medical information between computers | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | HL-7 Standards
🗑
|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
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Created by:
Billie901
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