AP Human Geography, Unit 1 Flashcards
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| Contagious diffusion | The rapid, widespread diffusion of a feature or trend throughout a population.
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| Mental Map | A representation of a portion of Earth’s surface based on what an individual knows about a place that contains personal impressions of what is in the place and where the place is located.
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| Absolute location | Description of the position of a place in a way that never changes, such as geographic coordinates of latitude and longitude.
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| Cultural landscape | An approach to geography that emphasizes the relationships among social and physical phenomena in a particular study area.
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| Distance decay | The diminished importance and eventual disappearance of a phenomenon with increasing distance from its origin.
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| Environmental determinism | Early 19th & 20th-century approach to the study of geography which argued that the general laws sought by human geographers could be found in the physical sciences. Geography was therefore the study of how the physical environment caused human activities.
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| Possibilism | The theory that the physical environment may set limits on human actions, but people have the ability to adjust to the physical environment and choose a course of action from many alternatives.
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| Expansion diffusion | The spread of a feature or trend among people from one area to another in an additive process.
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| Sustainability | The use of Earth’s renewable and nonrenewable natural resources in ways that do not restrict resource use in the future.
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| Hierarchical diffusion | The spread of a feature or trend from one key person or node of authority or power to other persons or places.
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| Formal region (or uniform region) | An area in which most people share in one or more distinctive characteristics.
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| Relative location (or situation) | The location of a place relative to another place.
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| Stimulus diffusion | The spread of an underlying principle.
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| Scale | The relationship between the portion of Earth being studied and Earth as a whole.
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| Global Positioning System (GPS) | A system that determines the precise position of something on Earth through a series of satellites, tracking stations, and receivers.
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| Functional region (or nodal region) | An area organized around a node or focal point.
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| Vernacular region (or perceptual region) | An area that people believe exists as part of their cultural identity. Based not on political division or physical geography but rather on perception. The US has many famous perceptual regions, such as the Heartland, the South, and Silicon Valley.
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| Geographic information system (GIS) | A computer system that captures, stores, queries, and displays geographic data.
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| Relocation diffusion | The spread of a feature or trend through bodily movement of people from one place to another (when people move from their original location to another and bring their innovations with them).
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| Globalization | Actions or processes that involve the entire world and result in making something worldwide in scope.
ex. A raw product might be harvested in central Africa, used to manufacture goods in China, and shipped around the world for sale.
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| Sense of place | Describes the wide range of connections between people and places that develops based on the place meanings and attachment a person has for a particular setting (the emotions someone attaches to an area based on their experiences)
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| Sequent occupancy | The notion that successive societies leave their cultural imprints on a place, each contributing to the cumulative cultural landscape.
ex. Cities have old warehouses that have been converted into apartments, shopping areas, and condos.
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| Spatial interaction | A basic concept that considers how locations interact with each other in terms of the movement of people, freight, services, energy, or information.
ex. Migration, shopping, trips, the spatial pattern of telephone calls, use of healthcare facilities.
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