5 Senses
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| Sensation | Physical intake of information, sensory info, physiological/ physical, intake
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| Perception | Mental organizations and interpretations of sensation, neural signals, psychological/ mental
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| Photoreceptors | Light sensitive cells located on retina that convert light energy into neural impulses
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| Retina | Inner surface back of eyeball contains sensory receptors that transduce light into neural signals
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| Fovea | Center of reinta, cone are densely packed
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| Cornea | Thick, transparent outer layer
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| Lens | Light bent inward and focus to form an image
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| Visual process | Begins with electrical signals by sensory in retina
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| Photopigments | Protein molecules that become unstable and split aprat when exposed to light
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| Iris | Smooth circular muscle surrounding the pupil (where light enters the eye)
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| Rods | - Rod- shaped
- Night vision
- 120 mil. rods
- Located throughot retina
- Low acuity
- High sensitivity
- Does not detect color
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| Rods are everywhere except? | In fovea
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| Cones | - Cone - shaped
- Daytime vision
- Color
- 6 mil.
- Concentrated in fovea
- High acuity
- Low sensitivity to light
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| Basic taste sensations | Process salty, sweet, sour, bitter, and umani (savory flavor)
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| Taste buds | Sensory organs in the mouth that contain the receptors for taste
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| Where is audition first processed? | Hair cells in cochlea
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| Where is vision first processed? | Rods and cones
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| Where is smell first processed? | Olfactory mucous neurons
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| Where is taste first processed? | Receptor cells on tongue (taste buds)
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| Where is touch first processed? | End of receptor neurons in skin
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| Audition | Hearing; sense of sound perception
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| Sound wave | Pattern of changes in air pressure during period of time; it produces the perception of a sound
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| Amplitude | Determines a sounds loudness in decibels
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| Frequency | Determines the pitch of a sound; measured in Hertz (Hz)
Number of wave peaks per minute
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| Eardrum | Thin membrane that makes the beginning middle ear; sound waves cause it to vibrate
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| Vestibular sense | - Perception of balance
- Determined by receptors in inner ear
- Carsickness
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| Fast Fibers | For sharp, immediate pain
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| Slow fibers | For chronic, dull, steady pain
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| Trichromatic theory | Color vision results from activity in three types of cones
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| Blue- violet light | Cones is most sensitive to short wave lengths
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| Yellow- green light | Most sensitive to medium wavelengths
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| Red- orange light | Most sensitive to long wavelengths
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| Which color is perceived in both long and medium wavelengths? | Yellow is perceived in long (red) and medium (green) wave lengths
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| Tactile stimulation | Pressure, temperature, pain
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| Temporal coding | Mechanisms for encoding low- frequency auditory stimuli which firing rates of cochlea hair cells match frequency of sound wave
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| Only sense that bypasses the thalamus | Smell
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