physiological psychology chapters 13-17
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| where are signs of alzheimer's disease first noticed? | medial temporal lobe
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| in alzheimer's, death usually occurs from what? | pneumonia and other infections
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| what are the charactieristics of alzheimer's disease at the cellular level? | plauques & neurofibrillary tangles
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| attention and learning systems rely on _____________ | acetylcholine
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| _______ are clumps of amyloid that cluster among axon terminals and interfere with neural transmission | plaques
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| this is a protein that forms inside neurons and are associated with the death of brain cells | neurofibrillary tangles
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| what is the very first sign of alzheimer's disease? | declarative memory loss
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| in ______ alzheimer's disease, patients are completely dependent on other for care | severe
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| declarative memory loss, confusion, trouble handling money, poor judgment, mood changes, and increased anxiety are all signs of | mild alzheimer's disease
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| in ________ alzheimer's disease, patients may have trouble recognizing people, difficulty with language and thoughts, restlessness, agitation, wandering, and repetitive statements | moderate
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| the cochlea is composed of which two membranes? | tectorial membrane & basilar membrane
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| another word for hair cells, are _______ | cillium
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| there are approximately _,___ inner hair cells | 3,400
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| there are approximately __,___ outer hair cells | 12,000
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| what are the two streams of sound processing? | dorsal stream and ventral stream
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| the dorsal stream is sound ____________ and it terminates in the ________ ________ ______ | localization; posterior parietal cortex
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| the ventral stream analyzes _______ sounds and it terminates in the ________ ________ ____ | anterior temporal lobe
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| the ease of a child's language acquisition is due to a brain-based sensitivity to ________ ________ patterns | rhythmic language
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| what did Noam Chomsky create in the 1980's? | a language acquisition device for children
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| mirror neurons respond when we both ______ in specific acts and while we _______ those acts | engage; observe
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| aphasia is the inability to do what? | speak
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| damage to the speech areas of the brain causes what? | aphasia
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| wernicke's aphasia causes difficulties in ____________ and _________ speech | understanding; producing
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| broca's aphasia causes difficulty ________ speech | producing
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| what kind of aphasia would cause flowing speech that makes no sense accompanied by not being able to follow basic instructions? | wernicke's aphasia
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| what kind of aphasia would result in someone being able to understand what was said, but not be able to respond? | broca's aphasia
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| people with phonological dyslexia may have difficulties doing what? | sounding out unfamiliar words (such as colonel, bologna, cliche)
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| in people with PTSD and a history of child abuse, their ___________ volume is reduced | hippocampal
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| in ______ ______ _____, stress causes excessive sympathetic activity that send the heart into fibrillation | sudden cardiac death
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| stress activates the ____________-_________-_______ axis | hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal
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| the ____________ controls the flight or flight response | hypothalamus
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| the fight or flight response is also known as what? | autonomic nervous system
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| ____________ and ______________ increase heart output and liberate glucose from the muscles for additional energy | epinephrine and norepinephrine
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| females have a _______ correlation with estrogen and testosterone | positive
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| progesterone increases have been related to decreases in ________ and ______ | anxiety and stress
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| defensive aggression is based in ____, while predatory aggression is based _______ | fear; control
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| memory loss is proportional to the amount of ______ destroyed | cortex
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| long-term memories are stored throughout the cortex and they are __________ and __________ | distributed and redundant
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| retrograde amnesia is the inability to remember ______ memories | prior
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| anterograde amnesia is the inability to form ____ ________ | new memories
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