HOSA LSC nutrition test study guide
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| what are carbohydrates made of and what bonds do they form? | show 🗑
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| what are saccharides? | show 🗑
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| show | monosaccharides
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| what are monosaccharides and some examples along with what they are? | show 🗑
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| show | disaccharides have 2 saccharides and must be broken to mono during digestion. Ex: sucrose(table sugar)= glucose+fructose, maltose(starches and malt)= 2glucose, lactose (found in milk and the source of carbs for breast fed infants)=glucose+galactose
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| what are polysaccharides? | show 🗑
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| show | they are broken down to mono
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| what foods give polysaccharides? | show 🗑
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| what are starches? | show 🗑
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| show | 6 oxygen, 12 hydrogen, 6 carbon
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| show | 11 oxygen, 22 hydrogen, 12 carbon
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| show | water
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| show | Dietary Fiber is indigestible carbs found in lignin. Lignin make a tough fibrous cell wall is not a carb. Dietary fiber only comes from plants.
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| show | they are isolated indigestible carbs that are extracted from plants in labs and added to food for health benefits. Such as resistant starch and it prevents diseases
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| what are total fibers? | show 🗑
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| show | almost no energy
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| what does AI stand for? | show 🗑
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| how much fiber should a female and male consume? | show 🗑
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| show | they are mono and di which have s imple molecular structure
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| show | they are poly and have a complex molecular structure they are healthier
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| function of carbs_ | show 🗑
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| show | 4cal
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| what is the body's preferred energy source and why? | show 🗑
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| show | then the body gets fatigued and turns to proteins or fats. It starts to burn proteins to gain energy preventing them from doing other tasks. Or they burn fats during long physical activity.
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| show | fats aren't properly broken down and starts to form ketone in the arteries which increases the bloods acidity level and damages cells/organs.
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| what is ketosis? | show 🗑
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| show | bulk, promotes healthy digestion, eliminate body waste, absorbs water, gives intestinal muscles an exercise,
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| show | diarrhea and constipation. the bulk helps make you feel fuller for longer, lower the amount of cal you consume
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| what is GI? | show 🗑
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| what diseases could fiber prevent? | show 🗑
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| show | it is when the veins in the rectum are swollen
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| what hormone keeps blood glucose levels balanced? | show 🗑
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| show | pancreas
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| what is the result of the release of insulin? | show 🗑
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| what must all carbs be converted to be used by cells? | show 🗑
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| what happens 1st in the carb digestive process (di and poly turn to __)? | show 🗑
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| what happens after di and poly saccharides are turned to monosaccharides? | show 🗑
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| show | the liver
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| what happens if there is no immediate use of glucose? | show 🗑
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| where is glucose stored? | show 🗑
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| show | glycogen
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| explain the livers role with carbs? | show 🗑
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| what happens if there are too many carbs for the liver to hold? | show 🗑
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| show | glycogen can be converted back to glucose for later use but fats can't be converted back to glucose
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| what foes RDA stand for? | show 🗑
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| how many grams of carbs should females eat? | show 🗑
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| show | 45-65%
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| show | grains
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| how much of your daily carbs should be whole grains? | show 🗑
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| show | natural sugars are found in fruits, vegetables, and honey these have many different nutritious benefits of vitamins and minerals so they are not concerned
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| what are added sugars and where are they found? | show 🗑
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| what happens if you eat too many simple sugars? | show 🗑
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| what does it mean when food has high sugar content? | show 🗑
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| show | high fructose corn syrup
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| what is and how is HFCS made? | show 🗑
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| why are fat free/reduced foods the same amount of cal as normal? | show 🗑
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| for Americans how many of daily carbs come from simple sugars? | show 🗑
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| how much of your diet should be simple carbs? | show 🗑
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| how many carbs is 1 teaspoon of sugar and how many cal is that? | show 🗑
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| show | starch because they can be burned efficiently and have a high satiety value.
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| show | Dietary Reference Intake
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| show | F=26 14-18 and 19-50 F=25 and 14=18 M=38
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| what does the appropriate amount of fiber intake prevent? | show 🗑
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| what are the parts of a grain? | show 🗑
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| show | it is the outer part of a grain and the most fiber dense portion
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| what is the germ? | show 🗑
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| show | it is the biggest and starchy
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| show | most of the fiber and nutrients are gone
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| show | because they don't provide any other nutrients
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| show | glycemic index
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| what is the link of carbs and cavities? | show 🗑
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| what is diabetes Mellitus? | show 🗑
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| show | it is the most common type and is found in children and young adults 90-95% of people have this type. it is where the pancrease is unable to produce insulin and the person must recieve njections of insulin to maintain the levels.
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| show | it is less common 5-10% and is found in adults where the cells don't respond to insulin anymore. the person most receive injections. in the early stages it can be maintained with exercise and the correct diet.
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| show | it is where your blood sugar is really low due to an over production of insulin
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| what happens if there is a low blood glucose level? | show 🗑
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| show | it is the body lacking lactase the enzyme which breaks down lactose. if the person consumes dairy or milk then they may get diarrhea, gas, cramping,. common for non-white people and develops with age.
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| show | Milk and diary products are the primary source of vitamin D and calcium.
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| what are fatty acids and what are they made of? | show 🗑
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| what is an acid group made of? | show 🗑
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| what are saturated fatty acids? | show 🗑
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| what are monosaturated fatty acids? | show 🗑
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| what foods are high in saturated fatty acids? | show 🗑
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| what oils are high in polysaturated fatty acids? | show 🗑
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| what is hydrogenation? | show 🗑
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| if there are a lot of double bonds then what does that mean about the fatty acids? | show 🗑
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| what does it mean if there is a full set of hydrogen atoms? | show 🗑
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| show |
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| what does kink mean? | show 🗑
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| what does trans mean? | show 🗑
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| what are trans fatty acids? | show 🗑
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| where is lecithin made, is it needed in the diet? | show 🗑
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| what is an emulsifier? | show 🗑
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| what are sterols? | show 🗑
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| what are phytosterols? | show 🗑
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| what are plant stanols and sterols? | show 🗑
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