Physiology and Pharmacology
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| Types of flow | show 🗑
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| Flow in the lungs | show 🗑
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| Measuring airway resistance | show 🗑
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| show | Although airway resistance is much greater in smaller tubes than larger, this is more than countered by the increasing total cross sectional area at each generation of the airways
Segmental bronchi site of maximum resistance
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| Resistance at different lung volumes | show 🗑
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| show | At a certain point flow becomes effort independent - same flow regardless of pressure
There is a maximal transmural gradient of 11 cmH20 before airway collapse occurs
When this happens, the same pressure gradient through the same segment occurs
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| show | High resistance gives low maximal expiratory flows e.g. asthma
Low lung elasticity gives poor airway support and easy collapse e.g. emphysema
Can be treated by increasing pressure to above atmospheric to hold the airways open
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| Airway closure | show 🗑
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| Work of breathing | show 🗑
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| show | Tend to breathe shallowly as work goes up rapidly with volume
E.g. in pulmonary fibrosis
Increased pressure needed to inflate the lungs
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| Work with increased resistance | show 🗑
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| show | Always an 8 cmH20 pleural pressure maintained no matter the pressure gradient
The pressure created generates a transmural pressure across the vessels
When this reaches -11 cmH20 it tends to collapse the airways, meaning the same pressure is formed
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