APHG Chapter 6.12
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| show | rooted in cultures that developed with the first cultural hearths
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| monotheism | show 🗑
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| show | belief in many gods
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| show | religions that associated with one particular society and place
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| show | religions that purport to be relevant to all people regardless of
ethnicity or place; generally break away from ethnic religions
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| Judaism | show 🗑
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| Confucianism | show 🗑
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| show | developed from Laozi’s (mythical?) teachings in the Tao Te Ching
- stressed harmony with nature, reflection and humility; Yin and Yang balance
- complementary with Confucianism in Chinese daily life; folk festivals
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| Shintoism | show 🗑
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| Hinduism | show 🗑
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| show | thousands of gods
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| monotheistic | show 🗑
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| show | the Vedas - 1,500 BCE - hymns and myths of the ancient Aryans
- the Upanishads - philosophical mystical texts - 500’s BCE - 500’s CE
- the Bhagavad Gita - short, popular treatise on paths of practicing Hinduism
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| calendar | show 🗑
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| show | cities, temples, and natural features held sacred
- Ganges River regarded as the most revered in the world
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| distribution today of hindus | show 🗑
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| show | Siddhartha Gautama; Hindu prince in modern day Nepal, sought relief and became the Buddha, learned how to break the cycle of reincarnation, began spreading as Indian Emperor Ashoka sent missionaries, India no longer has a significant Buddhist presence
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| Four Noble Truths | show 🗑
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| show | nonviolence, nonattachment to material things, meditation
- religion split away from Hinduism in 500’s BCE (as did nonviolent Jainism later)
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| show | - “original” strong role of monks, monasteries and meditation, focus on escape from reincarnation, Southeast Asia; “popular”, ways people can practice, prayer, ideas of heaven, many Buddhas strong in E. Asia; focuses on ritual, monasteries
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| distribution | show 🗑
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| Sikhism | show 🗑
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| show | founded by Muhammad in the early 600’s CE in the Arabian peninsula
- believed to have heard revelation from God on the proper life and sharia - Islamic law
- breaks from Judaism; includes influences from Christianity
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| holy book of sikhism | show 🗑
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| show | 1. Statement of Faith; 2. Prayer five times a day; 3. Charity;
4. Fasting during Ramadan; 5. Hajj to Mecca (Makkah)
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| show | succeeded Muhammad after he died; community split into Sunni and Shi’a; Shi’a (Shiites) - 16% today - live in Iran (dominant there) and some in Iraq; Sunni - 83% of Muslims today, two Caliphates and the Ottoman Empire followed
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| show | Islam conquered from the Iberian Peninsula to India by 750 C.E.
- by trade if diffused through sub-Saharan Africa and to Southeast Asia
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| landscape | show 🗑
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| show | fasting during the month of Ramadan
- the hajj during a specified time of year
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| Christianity | show 🗑
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| show | 2 billion adherents: Americas, Europe, Australia; countries with a Christian majority in sub-Saharan Africa; the Pope and hierarchy; ritual and good works; strong rivalry with Protestantism in many European countries (Ireland)
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| show | 11% (40% of these belong to Russian Orthodox Church)
- arguably as old as Catholic Church with a history of rivalry
- Great Schism in 1054 C.E. moved them apart
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| show | U.S. developed its own distinctive Baptist Christianity in 17-1800’s from European Protestant, origins in small towns and rural areas, appealed to many African Americans, little overall hierarchy (Bible based), lack of net in-migration
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| Catholics in the northeast and southwest | show 🗑
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| show | German migration to the U.S. in 1840’s and 1850’s, Scandinavian migration in the 1870’s and 1880’s, recruited by railroad companies and state governments to settle in midwest, chain migration from then on, Lutheranism, independent churches (Bible based)
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| show | catholic, protestant, lutheran, baptist, orthodox
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