Musculoskeletal
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| spina bifida | Congenital defect with deformity of the spinal column.
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| herniated disk | Protrusion of an intervertebral disk into the neural canal.
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| sciatica | 1. Pain in the lower back, usually radiating down the leg, from a herniated disk or other injury or condition. 2. Inflammation of the sciatic nerve.
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| rickets | Disease of the skeletal system, usually caused by vitamin D deficiency.
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| talipes calcaneus | Deformity of the heel resulting from weakened calf muscles.
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| talipes valgus | Foot deformity characterized by eversion of the foot
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| talipes varus | Foot deformity characterized by inversion of the foot.
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| calcar | Bony projection growing out of a bone; spur.
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| spur | Bony projection growing out of a bone; calcar.
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| sprain | Injury to a ligament.
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| strain | Injury to a muscle as a result of improper use or overuse.
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| tendinitis, tendonitis | Inflammation of a tendon.
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| dislocation | movement of a joint out of its normal position as a result of an injury or sudden, strenuous movement.
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| contracture | Extreme resistance to the stretching of a muscle
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| subluxation | Partial dislocation, as between joint surfaces.
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| osteoporosis | Degenerative thinning of bone.
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| ostealgia, osteodynia | bone pain
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| hypertrophy | Abnormal increase as in muscle size.
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| myalagia, myodynia | muscle pain
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| arthralgia | Severe joint pain.
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| ankylosis | Stiffening of a joint, especially as a result of disease.
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| spastic | Tending to have spasms.
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| spasm | Sudden, involuntary muscle contraction.
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| flaccid | Without tone; relaxed.
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| hypotonia | Abnormally reduced muscle tension
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| rigor | Stiffening.
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| rigidity | Stiffness.
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| dystonia | Abnormal tone in tissues.
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| tetany | Painfully long muscle contraction; muscle paralysis, usually due to decreased levels of ionized calcium in the blood.
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| tremor | Abnormal, repetitive muscle contractions.
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| atrophy | Wasting away of tissue, organs, and cells, usually as a result of disease or loss of blood supply.
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| muscular dystrophy | Progressive degenerative disorder affecting the musculoskeletal system and, later, other organs.
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| myositis | Inflammation of a muscle.
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| bony necrosis | Death of portions of bone.
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| bursitis | Inflammation of a bursa
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| bunion | An inflamed bursa at the foot joint, between the big toe and the first metatarsal bone.
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| arthritis | Any of various conditions involving joint inflammation.
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| osteoarthritis | Arthritis with loss of cartilage
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| degenerative arthritis | Arthritis with erosion of the cartilage.
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| rheumatoid arthritis | Autoimmune disorder affecting the connective tissue
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| gouty arthritis, gout | Inflammation of the joints, present in gout; usually caused by uric acid crystals.
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| podagra | Pain in the big toe, often associated with gout.
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| crepition, crepitus | Noise made by rubbing together of bones.
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| osteomyelitis | inflammation of the bone marrow and surrounding bone.
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| myeloma | Bone marrow tumor.
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| myoma | Benign muscle tumor
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| osteoma | Benign bone tumor, usually on the skull or mandible.
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| osteosarcoma | Malignant tumor of bone.
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| kyphosis (humpback) | Abnormal posterior spine curvature.
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| lordosis | Abnormal anterior spine curvature resulting in a swayback.
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| scoliosis | Abnormal lateral curvature of the spinal column.
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| amputation | Cutting off of a limb or part of a limb.
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| prosthetic device | Artificial device used as a substitute for a missing or diseased body part.
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| bone grafting | Transplantation of bone from one site to another.
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| orthosis, orthotic | External appliance used to immobilize or assist the movement of the spine or limbs.
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| external fixation device | Device applied externally to hold a limb in place.
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| internal fixation device | Device, such as a pin, inserted in bone to hold it in place.
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| osteotomy | Cutting of bone.
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| tenotomy | Surgical cutting of a tendon.
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| myoplasty | surgical repair of muscle tissue.
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| arthroplasty | Surgical replacement or repair of a joint.
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| arthrocentesis | Removal of fluid from a joint with use of a puncture needle.
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| synovectomy | Removal of part or all of a joint’s synovial membrane.
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| arthrodesis | Surgical fusion of a joint to stiffen it.
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| spondylosyndesis | Fusion of two or more spinal vertebrae.
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| bursectomy | Removal of a bursa.
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| bunionectomy | Removal of a bunion.
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| laminectomy | Removal of part of a vertebra.
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| muscle relaxant | Agent that relieves muscle stiffness.
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| nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) | Agent that reduces inflammation without the use of steroids.
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| narcotic | Agent that relieves pain by inducing a stuporous or euphoric state.
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| analgesic | Agent that relieves or eliminates pain.
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| anti-inflammatory (corticosteroid) | Agent that reduces inflammation.
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| AKA | above the knee amputee
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| AROM | active range of motion
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| BKA | below the knee amputee
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| C1, C2, and so on | first, second and so on, cervical vertebrae
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| CPK | creatine phosphokinase
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| CTS | carpal tunnel syndrome
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| D.O. | Dr of Osteopathy
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| EMG | electromyogram
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| Fx | fracture
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| NSAID | nonsteroid anti inflammatory
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| PROM | passive range of motion
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| ROM | range of motion
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| TMJ | temporomandibular joint
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