Chapters 1-3
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| show | ~Stem or immature cells are most sensitive compared to mature cells.
~Younger tissues and organs are more sensitive than older tissues/organs.
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| show | Caused by direct ionization along charge particle tracks. Original ionization occurs directly on target molecule.
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| Indirect Effects- Caused by? Point of origin? | show 🗑
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| show | unpaired electrons that are highly reactive.
They are able to diffuse through the cell and interact at a distant site.
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| show | Hair loss.
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| Define Erythema dose: | show 🗑
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| Define Ionization: | show 🗑
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| List the last 2 laws of Bergonie and Tribondeau. | show 🗑
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| show | The causing of genetic mutation by radiation.
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| Fractionation: | show 🗑
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| Protraction: | show 🗑
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| ID the SI units for the traditional unit: Roentgen (R): | show 🗑
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| show | SI Unit: Gray
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| ID the SI units for the traditional unit: Rem (r): | show 🗑
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| show | SI Unit: becquerel
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| Relate the effective dose limits as stated in NCRP Report No. 116 for the following groups: Occupational exposure: General public continuous exposure: | show 🗑
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| show | Solvent, Transport medium, Lubricant for joints and digestive tract, regulates body temperature through evaporation and cushions organs like the brain and lungs.
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| show | Assist in growth, construct new tissues and repair damaged or worn out tissues.
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| State the function of Amino acids: | show 🗑
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| show | They Control the numerous chemical reactions that occur in the cells, provide cell energy, help make new cell parts and control cell process.
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| show | Stores energy, insulates the body, assists in digestive process and helps lubricate joints.
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| State the function of Carbohydrates: | show 🗑
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| State the function of Nucleic acids: | show 🗑
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| show | Sodium and potassium maintain osmotic pressure of the cell by maintaining the correct proportion of water in the cell. Salts also assist in producing cell energy and conducting nerve impulses.
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| show | Functions to separate the cell’s interior from its exterior surroundings. It is composed of lipids and proteins.
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| Describe the function and components of Cytoplasm: | show 🗑
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| Describe the function and components of organelles: | show 🗑
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| show | A pair of cylindrical organelles located near the nucleus. They organize the spindle fibers during cell mitosis.
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| show | ER: Assists in channeling proteins and lipids into and out of the nucleus. Some ER serves as storage areas. There are smooth and rough ER. Rough ER has ribosomes. Smooth ER does not have ribosomes.
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| Describe the function and components of Mitochondria: | show 🗑
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| show | A series of flat, membranous layers that contain carbohydrates.It handles incoming lipids and proteins.
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| show | Single membrane bodies that contain digestive enzymes that digest protein molecules. They also assist in digesting old cell parts, dead cell parts, bacteria, and foreign materials.
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| Describe the function and components of the Nucleus: | show 🗑
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| show | Each nucleus contains atleast one of these structures that contains ribosomes.
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| Describe the function and components of Ribosomes: | show 🗑
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| show | DNA: Nucleus.
RNA: Ribosomes of the nucleolus.
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| Explain the purpose of Chromosomes: | show 🗑
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| Explain the purpose of Centromere: | show 🗑
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| Explain the purpose of Genes: | show 🗑
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| show | Reproductive cells. Aka germ cells.
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| show | Non-reproductive cells.
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| Explain Mitosis: | show 🗑
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| show | takes place within somatic cells.
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| show | A process of cell division in which the number of chromosomes per cell is halved.
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| Meiosis takes place in what kind of cells? | show 🗑
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| show | G1, S, G2, M.
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| show | Cells in this phase are performing the physiological needs to maintain cell homeostasis. The cell is not yet undergoing visible phases of mitosis.
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| show | DNA replication.
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| Describe G2: | show 🗑
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| Describe M: | show 🗑
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| State several other names for immature cells. | show 🗑
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| Define Radiosensitivity: | show 🗑
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| show | Having no reaction of exposure to radiation.
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| Give examples of cells that are highly radiosensitive: | show 🗑
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| show | Endothelial cells, osteoblasts, spermatids and fibroblasts.
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| show | Muscle and nerve cells, and chondrocytes.
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| show | The nucleus of a cell is considerably more radiosensitive to radation than the cytoplasm of the cell.
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| Compare the sensitivity; DNA vs. RNA vs. protein: | show 🗑
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| What stage of mitosis is considered the most radiosensitive? | show 🗑
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| What stage of mitosis is the most radioresistant? | show 🗑
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| List three possible events that may occur when a cell is irradiated. | show 🗑
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| Linear Energy Transfer (LET) Define this term: | show 🗑
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| What kind of rays produce few interactions bc of their rapid moving electrons are regarded as low LET radiation? | show 🗑
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| What kind of rays are highly ionizing and have a high chance to interact with tissue and are considered high LET radiation? | show 🗑
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| show | The higher the LET of radiation the greater the chance for biologic interaction.
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| Summarize the concept of relative biologic effectiveness (RBE): | show 🗑
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| show | Factors that affect RBE include radiation type, tissue type, physiologic condition, biologic result being examined and the radiation dose rate
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| Describe the relationship between LET and RBE. | show 🗑
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| Explain the concept of “oxygen enhancement ratio(OER): | show 🗑
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| Explain the formula used to calculate the OER: | show 🗑
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| show | We are most radiosensitive before birth. Radiosensitivity declines until maturity which is the time that we are the most radioresistant. With older age, humans become more radiosensitive again.
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| Direct Effect: | show 🗑
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| show | A cell interaction that occurs if the initial ionizing incident takes place on a distant noncritical molecule then transfers the ionization of energy to another molecule.
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| show | H20 (goes back to water or nothing happens), Development of a free radical, or the production of hydrogen peroxide.
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| show | Main-chain scission, cross-linking, and point lesions.
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| Identify the type of radiation damage that creates genetic (point) mutations and include the type of radiation it commonly occurs in. | show 🗑
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| show | Graphically illustrates the relationship between observed effects from radiation and the dose of radiation received.
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| show | An observed response is directly proportional to the dose, assuming any radiation dose produces an effect.
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| linear, threshold: | show 🗑
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| show | An observed response is not directly proportional to the dose, and assuming any radiation dose produces an effect.
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| show | An observed response is not directly proportional to the dose and assuming that there is a radiation level reached below which there would be no effects observed
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| Describe the concept of target theory and identify the critical molecular target in humans. | show 🗑
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| show |
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