Flashcards for Psychopharmacology, Anxiety D/O, Personality D/O
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| show | Phenothiazine (Thorazine)
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| show | 1950's
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| show | Thorazine was first used as a sedative
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| show | Psychological function, behavior and/or experience
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| show | No, they only help pts manage their behavior. Get off the meds, illness will come back
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| show | Serotonin, Norepinephrine, & Dopamine
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| show | Anxiolytics
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| show | Acute alcohol withdrawal, skeletal muscle spasms, convulsive disorder, status epilepticus, pre-op sedation
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| show | Antianxiety meds SHOULD NOT be used with other CNS suppressants, during lactation, glaucoma & shock
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| show | Antihistamines, Benzodiazepines, Carbamate derivative, Azaspirondeconediiones
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| show | Yes
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| Do Antihistamines have a physical and psychological dependency? | show 🗑
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| show | There is a lag time of 10 days to 2 weeks between onset of therapy with Buspirone and subsiding of anxiety symptoms
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| Can antianxiety meds be stopped abruptly? | show 🗑
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| What are antidepressants used to treat? | show 🗑
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| show | By reuptake
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| show | Serotonin, Norepinephrine & Dopamine
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| What health problems would antidepressants be contraindicated for? | show 🗑
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| Name 5 types of antidepressants? | show 🗑
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| show | Hyperpyretic crisis, convulsions and death
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| show | Orthostatic hypotension, sedation, anticholinergic effects, urinary retention, cardiac toxicity and seizures
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| show | They lower the seizure med's effectiveness
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| With ALL antidepressants, why is it important that you be aware if a formerly depressed pt feels better with more energy? | show 🗑
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| show | Marplan, Nardil, Parnate
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| MAOIs are very effective buy why aren't they used often? | show 🗑
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| show | Hypertensive crisis
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| What are the s/s of a hypertensive crisis? | show 🗑
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| With MAOI's, when combine with 'what', will a hypertensive crisis occur? | show 🗑
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| show | Orthostataic hypotension & anticholinergic effects
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| What are Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRI) used to treat? | show 🗑
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| What are some s/e of SSRIs? | show 🗑
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| What is a high risk s/e for every single antidepressant? | show 🗑
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| What is Serotonin Syndrome? | show 🗑
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| show | Tricyclics, Thorazine, St. John's Wart, Coumadin, Reglan
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| Name a few atypical antidepressants? | show 🗑
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| Do atypical antidepressants decrease or increase Coumadin? | show 🗑
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| show | Increased
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| How should atypical antidepressants be taken with MAOIs? | show 🗑
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| show | Blurred vision, constipation, urinary retention, reduction of seizure threshold, arrhythmias, photosensitivity
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| show | Calcium Channel Blockers, Anticonvulsants, Antimanics, & Antipsychotics (I think of CAAA)
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| show | Depakote
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| show | Bipolar affective disorder
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| show | Lithium carbonate
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| show | Because it controls flight of ideas, hyperactivity and calms a pt down without affecting their cognition
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| What is the therapeutic range for lithium carbonate? | show 🗑
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| show | When the levels are above 1.5 mEq/L
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| show | Hydration
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| show | Dry mouth, thirst, increased urination, weight gain, metallic taste, dependent edema of feet and ankles, and a tetratogenic affect on a fetus
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| show | They have an inverse relationship. Intake of lithium carbonate causes a pt to diurese, resulting in a loss of sodium. As sodium is depleted, lithium levels rise and can reach a toxic level
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| show | An anticonvulsant
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| What does Tegretol do to lithium levels? | show 🗑
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| show | Hand tremors from fine to coarse, difficulty walking, and very confused
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| show | Hypertensive reaction
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| show | Increases their effects
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| show | Tegretol, Valproic Acid & Lithium
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| Why shouldn't a pt take mood stabilizing meds with grapefruit juice? | show 🗑
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| show | Verapamil
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| show | Because when taken with lithium, it may reduce the lithium levels
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| What do antipsychotics do in conjunction with CNS depression? | show 🗑
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| show | N/V, diarrhea, ataxia, blurred vision, tinnitus, & excessive urination
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| If pt is taking lithium, what should you educate them about in regards to F&E? | show 🗑
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| show | The action is unknown
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| In what situations should you NOT use antipsychotics? | show 🗑
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| What are the common s/e of all antipsychotics? | show 🗑
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| show | Hormonal effects, ECG changes, decreased seizure threshold, agranulocytosis, hypersalivation, EPS, tardive dyskinesia, Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome
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| show | Extrapyramidal Side Effects
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| What are the s/s of EPS? | show 🗑
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| What is tardive dyskinesia? | show 🗑
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| show | Rare but life-threatening neurological disorder that is caused by an adverse reaction of antipsychotic meds; can happen as early as a few hours or take years.
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| What are the s/s of neuroleptic malignant syndrome? | show 🗑
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| show | Parlodel or Dantrium
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| show | Non-compliance with pts not taking their meds as they should if at all.
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| What are Sedative-Hypnotics used to treat? | show 🗑
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| What is another use for anticonvulsants? | show 🗑
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| Is there a low or high tolerance for dependency with sedative-hypnotics? | show 🗑
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| show | Roz
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| show | Barbiturates, Benzodiazepines & Miscellaneous
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| show | Because of their high risk of physical and psychological dependence; they can also cause severe CNS depression or distress
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| show | Short-term use ONLY
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| Which class of sedative-hypnotics are safer, barbiturates or benzodiazepines? | show 🗑
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| Name a miscellaneously classified sedative-hypnotic? | show 🗑
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| show | They are used on both
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| show | Yes, they are not permitted for children under the age of 3
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| show | They are considered CNS stimulants except for Stattera and Wellbutrin
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| show | Take with food, take about 6 hrs before bedtime and never combine with MAOIs
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| show | Black box warnings
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| show | Amphetamines, Amphetamine Mixtures & Miscellaneous
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| show | With children who have psychotic disorders & Tourette's disorder
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| show | There may be development of tolerance, and physical/psychological dependence
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| show | It is an emotional response to anticipation of danger or threatening situations (perception)
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| What is the difference between anxiety and fear? | show 🗑
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| What is the most common of mental illness disorders? | show 🗑
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| show | Women
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| What are some s/s of panic disorder? | show 🗑
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| show | There are several symptoms and a pt must be diagnosed with at least 4 of those symptoms for it to be classified as panic disorder; any less and it's considered limited-symptom attack
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| What are 3 characteristics of panic disorder? | show 🗑
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| When is panic disorder usually appear? | show 🗑
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| What is agoraphobia? | show 🗑
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| show | Generalized anxiety disorder
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| show | A conflict between the id, ego & superego
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| show | A though process; ppl have negative patterns of distorted thinking and an MD believes that changing this thought pattern will help manage the disorder
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| show | There isn't one single theory that can explain generalized anxiety disorder, rather a generalized anxiety disorder can be explain by all theories in it's etiology
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| show | A fear of doing something embarrassing in public
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| What is a phobia? | show 🗑
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| show | It believes that the client is presented by a stimulus that causes a certain type of response that is learned based on other ppl's responses such as a parent
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| show | A phobia could develop due to a situation that happened in the pts life; the contribution of a past experience such as a child being locked in the closet as punishment
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| What is the definition of OCD? | show 🗑
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| Even though a pt with OCD understands that the rituals are unreasonable, why do they go through with them? | show 🗑
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| show | Tricyclic antidepressants such as Anafranil and SSRIs
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| What is the definition of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder? | show 🗑
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| show | That a pt has distorted thinking as a playback of negative tapes playing in their head; pt has very frightening nightmares that reoccur
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| With an anxiety disorder that is due to a general medical condition, how are those anxiety symptoms alleviated? | show 🗑
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| With a substance-abuse anxiety disorder, how are symptoms alleviated? | show 🗑
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| show | By talking about the problem and helping the pt understand the unconscious meaning of anxiety, repressed impulses & any symbolism of avoided situations
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| How does cognitive therapy treat anxiety disorders? | show 🗑
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| show | By using systematic desensitization and implosion therapy; the first gets the pt used to the source of their anxiety a little at a time, the latter totally immerses them with the source of their anxiety
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| How does group/family therapy treat anxiety disorders? | show 🗑
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| show | Tricyclics, SSRIs, Bensodiaxepenes, Valporic acid (for PTSD)
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| show | Phobic disorders, OCD & PTSD
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| show | The emotional and behavioral characteristics that everyone possesses and is unique to that individual; is usually stable and predictable
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| At what point does the personality develop a disorder? | show 🗑
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| show | It is believed that heredity, temperament, experiential learning and social interaction play a part in personality disorders
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| show | 3; A, B & C
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| show | A general distrust and suspiciousness of ppl; thinks everyone is out to get them; difficult to manage because they know how to read and manipulate ppl; rarely ask for assistance
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| show | Men
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| show | To get the pt to live in the community managing their mental illness
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| show | They are on guard, hypervigilant for any perceived threat; tense, irritable, defensive, cold, insensitive towards others, difficult to criticize, very sensitive, can be intimidating
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| What defense mechanism does a paranoid personality use? | show 🗑
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| show | It runs in families
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| show | they cannot make friends or have social/personal relationships; there just isn't any meaning to one; what relationships they do have are shallow, they are very withdrawn & feel uncomfortable around ppl enjoying each other; they are also tense & irritable
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| What are the clinical manifestations of a schizoid personality? | show 🗑
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| show | A schizoid personality disorder doesn't hinder daily functioning to the extent of a schizophrenic
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| show | By early interactions with ppl who were cold and didn't meet their needs when they were younger; lack of empathy and nurturing
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| show | Introversion; a withdrawing from reality, all negative energy is turned towards themselves
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| show | A pervasive pattern of detachment from social relationships and a restricted range of expression of emotions in interpersonal settings
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| What is another name for a schizotypal personality disorder? | show 🗑
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| What is the description of a schizotypal personality disorder? | show 🗑
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| show | Bland, apathetic affect, Magical thinking, Acute discomfort in social and interpersonal situations, ideas of reference, illusional thinking, bizarre speech patterns, and very brief bouts of psychosis
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| show | First-degree biological relatives of schizophrenic parents, anatomical deficits or neurochemical changes, & from early childhood relationships where impassivity, indifference, personal affection and closeness are uncomfortable
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| How does an antisocial personality present itself? | show 🗑
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| show | Sociopath
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| What are some clinical manifestations of an antisocial personality disorder? | show 🗑
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| show | They become furious and vindictive and want to attack, demean and dominate
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| show | Projection
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| What are some pre-disposing factors of antisocial personality disorders? | show 🗑
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| show |
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| show | Catch-all disorder, patterns of intense & chaotic relationships, labile attitudes towards ppl, impulsivity, self-destructive, no understanding of who they are & how they fit in society; simple, small events are exaggerated, close to histrionic disorder
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| show | No, it's hard for psychiatrists to define
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| show | A perpetual state of turmoil or crisis mode, changeability, extreme, intense behavior, chronic depression, cannot be alone, & self-destructive behaviors
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| What are some specific patterns of interaction with a borderline personality disorder? | show 🗑
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| Are the suicide attempts of a borderline personality common and fatal? | show 🗑
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| show | Since they are in poor control, they commonly end up having problems with substance-abuse, gambling, promiscuity, reckless driving, &drinking and driving
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| show | Serotonergic defect (need meds that enhance serotonin reuptake), more relatives with mood disorders like bipolar and depression, perhaps some childhood trauma and developmental factors (like developing as an individual early in life)
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| How does a histrionic personality present itself? | show 🗑
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| Is histrionic personality disorder more common in men or women? | show 🗑
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| show | A neurobiological association with high sensitivity to environmental stimuli; decreased serotonin levels & heredity
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| show | Exaggerated sense of self-worth, very self centered, very fragile due to low self-esteem; they think they are the best but know that they aren't, no empathy and don't criticize these pts
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| show | Self centered, exploit others, optimistic, cheerful; due to fragile self-esteem, if they don't get approval they show rage, shame, humiliation or rejection; impaired social relationships
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| show | Child has fears, failures and needs that were met with criticism, disdain or neglect; parents have same disorder; perfectionistic parents with unreal expectations; parents how live virciously through their child
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| show | Extremely sensitive to rejection; become withdrawn because of this sensitivity; want relationships but extreme shyness and fear of rejections prevents this; equally common in men & women
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| show | Hereditary, temperamental disposition such as infants with traits of hyperirritability, crankiness, tension & withdrawal & parental rejection
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| How does a dependent personality present itself? | show 🗑
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| show | Lack of self-confidence, low self-worth, passive, too optimistic view of the world; rose-colored glasses
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| What are some pre-disposing factors of dependent personalities? | show 🗑
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| show | Undoing, Isolation, Rationalization & Intellectualization
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| What are some pre-disposing factors for obsessive-compulsive personalities? | show 🗑
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| show |
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| How does a passive-aggressive personality present itself? | show 🗑
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| show | They feel cheated and no one cares about them or their feelings; vindictive; behave like a martyr, the offended, misunderstood, guilt-ridden, overworked one; allows for venting of anger
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| What are some pre-disposing factors of passive-aggressive behavior? | show 🗑
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