death pt.3
Help!
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| ankyl/o | stiff joint
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| arthr/o | joint
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| articul/o | joint
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| burs/o | sac
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| carp/o | carpus
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| cervic/o | neck
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| chondr/o | cartilage
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| clavicul/o | clavicle
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| coccyg/o | coccyx
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| cortic/o | outer layer
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| cost/o | rib
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| crani/o | skull
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| femor/o | femur
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| fibr/o | fibers
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| fibul/o | fubula
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| humer/o | humerus
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| ili/o | ilium
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| ischi/o | ischium
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| kyph/o | hump
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| lamin/o | lamina, part of the vertebra
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| lord/o | bent backward
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| lumb/o | loin, low back
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| mandibul/o | mandible
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| maxill/o | maxilla
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| medull/o | inner portion
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| menisc/o | meniscus
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| metacarp/o | metacarpus
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| metatars/o | metatarsus
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| myel/o | bone marrow, spinal cord
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| orth/o | straight
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| oste/o | bone
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| patell/o | patella
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| pector/o | chest
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| ped/o | foot, child
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| pelv/o | pelvis
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| phalang/o | phalanges
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| pod/o | foot
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| prosthet/o | addition
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| pub/o | pubis
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| radi/o | radius, ray
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| sacr/o | sacrum
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| scapul/o | scapula
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| scoli/o | crooked
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| spin/o | spine
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| spondyl/o | vertebrae
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| stern/o | sternum
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| synovi/o | synovial membrane
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| synov/o | synovial membrane
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| tars/o | tarsus
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| thorac/o | chest
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| tibi/o | tibia
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| uln/o | unla
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| vertebr/o | vertebra
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| -blast | immature
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| -clasia | to break surgically
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| -clast | broken
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| -desis | to fuse
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| -listhesis | slipping
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| -logic | pertaining to study of
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| -phyte | growth
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| -porosis | porous
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| head | large smooth ball-shaped end of a long bone
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| condyle | smooth rounded potion at end of bone
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| epicondyle | projection above or on a condyle
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| trochanter | large rough process
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| tubercle | small rough process
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| tuberosity | large rough process
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| sinus | hollow cavity within bone
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| foramen | smooth opening for nerves and blood vessels
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| fossa | shallow cavity or depression within a bone
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| fissure | a slit-like opening
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| path/o | disease
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| sarc/o | flesh
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| vacul/o | blood vessel
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| -ac | pertaining to
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| -al | pertaining to
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| -algia | pain
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| -ar | pertaining to
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| -ary | pertaining to
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| -centesis | puncture to withdraw fluid
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| -clasia | surgically break
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| -desis | to fuse
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| -eal | pertaining to
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| -ectomy | surgical removal
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| -genic | producing
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| -gram | record
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| -graph | record
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| -graphy | process of recording
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| -iatry | medical treatment
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| -ic | pertaining to
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| -itis | inflammation
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| -listhesis | slipping
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| -logic | pertaining to study of
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| -logy | study
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| -malacia | abnormal softening
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| -metry | process of measuring
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| -oma | tumor
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| -ory | pertaining to
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| -osis | abnormal condition
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| -otomy | cutting into
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| -ous | pertaining to
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| -pathy | disease
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| -penia | abnormal decrease, too few
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| -phyte | growth
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| -plasty | surgical repair
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| -porosis | porous
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| -scope | instrument for viewing
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| -scopic | pertaining to visually examining
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| -scopy | process of visually examining
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| -stenosis | narrowing
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| -tic | pertaining to
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| -tome | instrument used to cut
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| a- | without
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| anti- | against
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| bi- | two
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| dis- | apart
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| ex- | outward
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| inter- | between
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| intra- | within
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| non- | not
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| per- | through
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| pre- | before
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| sub- | below, under
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| carpal | pertaining to the carpus (wrist)
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| cervical | pertaining to the neck
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| clavicular | pertaining to the clavicle (collar bone)
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| coccygeal | pertaining to coccyx (tail bone)
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| cortical | pertaining to the outer layer
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| costal | pertaining to the ribs
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| cranial | pertaining to the skull
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| femoral | pertaining to the femur
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| fibular | pertaining to the fibula
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| humeral | pertaining to the humerus
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| iliac | pertaining to the ilium
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| intervertebral | pertaining to between vertebrae
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| intracranial | pertaining to inside the skull
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| ischial | pertaining to the ischium
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| lumbar | pertaining to the low back
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| mandibular | pertaining to the mandible (lower jaw)
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| maxillary | pertaining to the maxilla (upper jaw)
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| medullary | pertaining to inner region
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| metacarpal | pertaining to the metacarpus (hand)
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| metatarsal | pertaining to the metatarsus (foot)
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| patellar | pertaining to the patella (knee cap)
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| phalangeal | pertaining to phalanges (fingers/toes)
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| pubic | pertaining to the pubis
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| radial | pertaining to the radius
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| sacral | pertaining to the sacrum
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| scapular | pertaining to the scapula (shoulder blade)
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| spinal | pertaining to the spine
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| sternal | pertaining to the sternum (breast bone)
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| tarsal | pertaining to the tarsus (ankle)
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| thoracic | pertaining to thorax (chest)
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| tibial | pertaining to the tibia
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| ulnar | pertaining to the ulna
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| vertebral | pertaining to the vertebra
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| chiropractic | healthcare profession for malalignment conditions of the spine and musculoskeletal system
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| orthopedics | branch of medicine specializing in the musculoskeletal system
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| orthotics | healthcare profession specializing in orthopedic appliances such as braces or splints
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| podiatry | healthcare profession specializing in the feet and lower legs
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| prosthetics | healthcare profession specializing in making artificial body parts
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| rheumatology | branch of medicine specializing in musculoskeletal and autoimmune conditions affecting the joints, muscles, and bones
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| arthralgia | joint pain
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| bursitis | inflammation of a bursa
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| callus | mass of bone tissue that forms at fracture side during healing
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| chondromalacia | softening of the cartilage
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| crepitation | noise produced by bones or cartilage rubbing together
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| ostealgia | bone pain
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| synovitis | inflammation of synovial membrane
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| closed fracture | fracture with no open skin wound; aka simple
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| comminuted fracture | fracture were bone is shattered, splintered, or crushed
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| compound fracture | fracture with an open skin wound; also called open fracture
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| compression fracture | fracture with loss of heigh in vertebral body; often from osteoporosis
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| fracture (FX, Fx) | broken bone
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| greenstick fracture | incomplete break; one side of the bone is broken, the other is bent; common in children
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| impacted fracture | bone fragments are pushed into each other
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| oblique fracture | fracture at an angle to bone
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| pathologic fracture | fracture caused by diseased or weakened bone
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| spiral fracture | fracture line spirals around shaft of bone; often slower to heal
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| stress fracture | slight fracture caused by repetitive low-impact forces like running
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| transverse fracture | fracture straight across bone
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| avascular necrosis | abnormal condition of decay or death of bone
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| chondroma | tumor in cartilage; usually benign
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| Ewing's sarcoma | cancerous tumor of shaft of long bones; spreads through periosteum; amputation is necessary to prevent metastasis
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| exostosis | bone spur
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| osteochondroma | tumor; usually benign consisting of both bone and cartilage tissue
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| osteogenic sarcoma | most common type of bone cancer; begins in osteocytes
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| osteoma | tumor found in bone tissue
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| osteomalacia | softening of bones caused by calcium deficiency; caused in children by insufficient sunlight and vitamin D
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| osteomyelitis | inflammation of the bone and bone marrow
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| osteopathy | general term for bone disease
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| osteopenia | abnormal decrease in bone mass
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| osteophyte | a type of exostosis; this bony growth is usually found within a joint capsule
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| osteoporosis | decrease in bone mass; results in thinning and weakening of bones; porous bone easily fractures
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| Paget disease | metabolic disease of bone; unknown cause; results in bone destruction and deformity
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| rickets | caused by calcium and vitamin D deficiency; results in bone deformities like bowed legs
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| ankylosing spondylitis | inflammatory condition resembles rheumatoid arthritis; gradual stiffening and fusion of vertebrae
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| herniated nucleus pulposus (HNP) | protrusion of an intervertebral disk; also called ruptured disk
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| kyphosis | abnormal increase in curve of thoracic spine; humpback
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| lordosis | abnormal increase in forward curvature of lumbar spine; swayback
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| scoliosis | lateral curve of spine
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| spina bifida | congenital anomaly; vertebra fails to fully form around spinal cord
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| spinal stenosis | narrowing of spinal canal; causes pressure on spinal cord and nerves
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| spondylolisthesis | forward sliding of lumbar vertebra over vertebra below it
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| spondylosis | general term for degenerative vertebral column condition
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| whiplash | cervical muscle and ligament sprain
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| adhesive capsulitis | limitation in the range of motion due to thickening caused by inflammation of the joint capsule
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| anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) | the anterior ligament is prone to being
stretched, torn, or ruptured with trauma involving an abrupt change of direction
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| bunion | inflammation of bursa at base of great toe
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| dislocation | bones in joint are displaced from normal alignment
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| gout | type of arthritis presenting as pain and swelling, usually in the first metatarsophalangeal joint
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| osteoarthritis (OA) | results in degeneration of bones and joints; bone rubs against bone
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| prepatellar bursitis | swelling of bursa between patella and skin; seen in persons who kneel often
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| rheumatoid arthritis (RA) | autoimmune inflammation of joints with swelling, stiffness, pain; results in joint deformities
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| sprain | damage to ligaments around joint due to overstretching; no dislocation or fracture
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| subluxation | incomplete dislocation; joint alignment is disrupted, but ends of bones remain in contact
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| systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) | autoimmune disease of connective tissue affecting many systems and may include joint pain; looks like rheumatoid arthritis
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| talipes | congenital deformity of ankle misalignment; clubfoot
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| arthography | visualizing joint by x-ray after injecting contrast medium into joint
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| bone scan | nuclear medicine procedure; radioactive dye is used to visualize bones; useful for identifying stress fractures and metastases
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| dual-energy absorptiometry (DXA) | measures bone density using low does x-ray; detects osteoporosis
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| myelography | study of spinal column after injecting opaque contrast medium; useful for identifying herniated nucleus pulposus
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| radiography | uses x-rays to study internal structure of body; especially useful for visualizing bones and joints
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| arthroscopy | examining interior of joint with an arthroscope, a fiberoptic camera; view of joint interior appears on monitor during procedure
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| arthrocentesis | insertion of needle into joint cavity to remove fluid
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| orthotic | brace or splint used to prevent or correct deformities
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| prosthesis | artificial device to substitute for a missing or damaged body part
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| amputation | removal of a limb for reasons like tumors, gangrene, or crushing injury
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| anterior cruciate ligament repair | surgical repair of partially or completely torn anterior cruciate ligament
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| arthroclasia | forcibly breaking loose a fused joint
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| arthrodesis | stabilizing joint by fusing bones together
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| arthroscopic surgery | performing surgery while using an arthroscope to view inside joint
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| arthrotomy | cutting into a joint
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| bone graft | harvesting bone from one location to replace a bony defect in another location
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| bunionectomy | removal of the bursa at base of great toe
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| bursectomy | removal of a bursa
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| chondrectomy | removal of cartilage
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| chondroplasty | repair of cartilage
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| craniotomy | cutting into the skull
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| laminectomy | removal of posterior arch of vertebra to remove compression of a spinal nerve
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| meniscectomy | surgical removal of a meniscus
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| osteoclasia | intentional breaking of a bone
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| osteotome | instrument used to cut bone
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| osteotomy | cutting into a bone
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| percutaneous diskectomy | tube is inserted into intervertebral disk to suck out ruptured disk; may also be done with a laser
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| percutaneous vertebroplasty | surgical removal of herniated or ruptured disk material
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| spinal fusion | surgical immobilization of adjacent vertebrae
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| synovectomy | removal of a synovial membrane
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| total hip arthroplasty (THA) | implanting a prosthetic hip joint
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| total knee arthroplasty | implanting a prosthetic knee joint
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| cast | solid material to immobilize a fracture; may be made of plaster of Paris or fiberglass
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| fixation | stabilizes fracture while it heals; external fixation includes casts and splints; internal fixation includes pins, plates, and screws
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| reduction | realigning bone fragments of fracture; closed reduction is manipulation without surgery; open reduction requires surgery
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| traction | applying a pulling force on fracture or dislocation to restore alignment
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| bone reabsorption inhibitors | reduce the reabsorption of bone; treats osteoporosis and Paget's disease (Fosamax, Boniva)
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| calcium supplements and vitamin D therapy | supplements that maintain bone density; treats osteomalacia, osteoporosis, and rickets (Oystercal, Citracal)
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| corticosteroids | have strong anti-inflammatory properties; treat rheumatoid arthritis (prednisone, Medrol, Decadron)
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| nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) | provide mild pain relief and anti-inflammatory benefits; treat arthritis (Advil, Motrin, Aleve, aspirin)
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| abbreviation for dual-energy absorptiometry | DXA, DEXA
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| abbreviation for fracture | FX, Fx
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| cleid/o | clavicle
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| duct/o | to bring
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| extens/o | to stretch out
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| fasci/o | fibrous band
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| fibr/o | fibers
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| flex/o | to bend
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| kinesi/o | movement
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| muscul/o | muscle
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| my/o | muscle
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| myos/o | muscle
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| plant/o | sole of foot
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| rotat/o | to revolve
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| ten/o | tendon
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| tend/o | tendon
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| tendin/o | tendon
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| vers/o | to turn
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| -asthenia | weakness
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| -ion | action, condition
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| -kinesia | movement
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| -tonia | tone
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| -trophic | pertaining to development
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| ab- | away from
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| ad- | toward
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| circum- | around
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| e- | outward
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| rectus abdominis | sternocleidomastoid (gluteus maximus)
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| straight abdominal muscle | named for its origins at the sternum and clavicle and its insertion at the mastoid process (large buttock muscle)
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| flexor carpi | external oblique (bicep)
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| muscle that bends the wrist | abdominal muscle with fibers running at an angle (muscle with two heads)
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| abduction | movement away from midline of body
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| adduction | movement toward midline of body
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| flexion | act of bending or being bent
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| extension | brings limb into a straight condition
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| dorsiflexion | backward bending of foot
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| plantar flexion | being sole of foot; pointing toes
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| eversion | turning outward
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| inversion | turning inward
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| pronation | turning palm downward
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| supination | turning palm upward
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| elevation | to raise
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| depression | to drop down
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| circumduction | act of leading in a circular direction from a central point as if drawing a large, imaginary circle in the air
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| opposition | moving thumb away from palm; the ability to move the thumb into contact with the other fingers
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| rotation | act of revolving around a central axis
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| bi/o | life
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| carp/o | wrist
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| electr/o | electricity
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| fasci/o | fibrous band
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| fibr/o | fibers
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| kinesi/o | movement
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| later/o | side
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| necr/o | death
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| -algia | pain
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| -asthenia | weakness
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| -desis | to fuse
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| -dynia | pain
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| -gram | record
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| -graphy | process of recording
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| -itis | inflammation
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| -opsy | view of
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| -otomy | cutting into
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| -pathy | disease
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| -plasty | surgical repair
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| -rrhaphy | suture
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| -rrhexis | rupture
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| -trophy | development
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| a- | without
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| brady- | slow
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| dys- | abnormal, difficult
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| api- | above
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| hyper- | excessive
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| hypo- | insufficient
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| poly- | many
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| pseudo- | false
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| re- | again
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| ultra- | beyond
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| adhesion | scar tissue in fascia; makes muscle movement difficult
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| atonia | lack of muscle tone
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| atrophy | poor muscle development; result of muscle disease or lack of use; muscle wasting
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| bradykinesia | having slow movements
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| contracture | abnormal shortening of muscle fibers, tendons, or fascia
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| dyskinesia | having difficult or abnormal movements
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| dystonia | having abnormal muscle tone
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| hyperkinesia | having an excessive amount of movement
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| hypertonia | having excessive muscle tone
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|
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| hypertrophy | increase in muscle bulk from use
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| hypokinesia | having insufficient amount of movement
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|
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| hypotonia | having insufficient muscle tone
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|
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| intermittent claudication | attacks of severe pain and lameness caused by muscle ischemia; usually in calf muscles
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|
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| myalgia | muscle pain
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| myasthenia | muscle weakness
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|
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| myotonia | muscle tone
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|
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| spasm | sudden, involuntary, strong muscle contraction
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| tenodynia | tendon pain
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|
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| fibromyalgia | widespread aching and pain in muscles and soft tissue
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|
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| lateral epicondylitis | inflammation of elbow muscles; caused by strong gripping; tennis elbow
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|
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| muscular dystrophy (MD) | inherited disease with progressive muscle atrophy
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|
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| myopathy | general term for muscle disease
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|
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| myorrhexis | tearing a muscle
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|
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| necrotizing fasciitis (NF) | infection that results in death of the soft tissue
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|
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| polymyositis | inflammation of two or more muscles
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|
||||
| pseydohypertrophic muscular dystrophy | one type of inherited muscular dystrophy; also called Duchenne's muscular dystrophy
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|
||||
| torticollis | severe neck spasms pulling head to one side; wryneck or crick in the neck
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|
||||
| carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) | repetitive motion disorder; compression of finger tendons and median nerve as they pass through carpal tunnel of the wrist
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|
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| ganglion cyst | cyst on tendon sheath; usually on hand, wrist or ankle
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|
||||
| repetitive motion disorder | chronic disorders involving tendon, muscles, joints, and nerve damage; tissue is subjected to pressure, vibration, or repetitive movements
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|
||||
| rotator cuff injury | joint capsule of shoulder joint is reinforced by tendons; high degree of flexibility puts rotator cuff at risk for strain and tearing
🗑
|
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| strain | damage to muscle, tendons, or ligaments due to overuse or overstretching
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|
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| tendinitis | inflammation of a tendon
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|
||||
| creatine kinase | blood test for presence of muscle enzyme found in skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle
🗑
|
||||
| deep tendon reflexes (DTR) | muscle contraction in response to stretch; used to determine if muscles are responding properly
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|
||||
| electromyogram | hardcopy record produced by EMG
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|
||||
| electromyography (EMG) | study of strength and quality of muscle contration in response to electrical stimulation
🗑
|
||||
| muscle biopsy | removal of muscle tissue for examination
🗑
|
||||
| carpal tunnel release | cutting of ligament in wrist to relieve pressure caused by carpal tunnel syndrome
🗑
|
||||
| fasciotomy | surgically cutting into fascia
🗑
|
||||
| myoplasty | surgical repair of a muscle
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|
||||
| myorrhaphy | procedure to suture together a muscle
🗑
|
||||
| tendoplasty | surgical repair of a tendon
🗑
|
||||
| tendotomy | procedure to cut into a tendon
🗑
|
||||
| tenodesis | surgical stabilization of a joint by anchoring down tendons of muscles that move the joint
🗑
|
||||
| tenoplasty | surgical repair of a tendon
🗑
|
||||
| tenorrhaphy | procedure to suture together a tendon
🗑
|
||||
| skeletal muscle relaxants | relax skeletal muscle to reduce spasms (Flexeril, Soma)
🗑
|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
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To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
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