Exam 1-Lesson 1-3
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| show | A trait that involves behavior. An example is the ability to learn a maze.
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| Biological evolution | show 🗑
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| show | With regard to gene expression, the level of observation at which genes affect the traits of cells.
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| show | Refers to an organism or cell that contains two sets of chromosomes.
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| show | A protein that functions to accelerate chemical reactions within the cell.
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| Gametes | show 🗑
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| Gene | show 🗑
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| Gene Expression | show 🗑
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| show | A relatively small heritable change that affects only a single gene.
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| show | All of the genetic material that a cell, an organism, or a species can possess.
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| show | n research, the study of mutant genes that have abnormal function. By studying mutant genes, researchers may better understand normal genes and normal biological processes.
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| Genetic Code | show 🗑
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| Genetic Cross | show 🗑
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| Genetic Variations | show 🗑
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| Haploid | show 🗑
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| show | One of the chromosomes in a pair of homologous chromosomes.
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| Lipids | show 🗑
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| show | Organic molecules with the general formula Cn(H2O)n. An example of a simple carbohydrate is the sugar glucose. Large carbohydrates are composed of multiple sugar units.
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| show | An allele of a gene that encodes an RNA or protein that is nonfunctional or compromised in function.
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| loss of function mutation | show 🗑
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| show | A large organic molecule composed of smaller building blocks. Examples include DNA, RNA, proteins, and large carbohydrates.
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| show | An organism studied by many researchers so that they can more easily compare their results and begin to understand the properties of a given species.
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| Molecular level | show 🗑
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| show | The process whereby differential fitness acts on the gene pool.
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| show | The effects of environmental variation on a phenotype.
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| show | A large, specialized structure within a cell, which is surrounded by a single or double membrane.
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| show | The level of observation or experimentation that involves a whole organism.
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| Physiological traits | show 🗑
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| polypeptides | show 🗑
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| proteins | show 🗑
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| proteome | show 🗑
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| population level | show 🗑
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| show | Any cell of the body except for gametes and the germ-line cells that give rise to gametes.
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| species | show 🗑
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| show | specific characteristic of an organism that is determined by its genes, the environment, or both
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| transcription | show 🗑
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| show | The synthesis of a polypeptide using the information contained in the codons of an mRNA.
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| show | The physical process whereby a bacterial cell divides into two daughter cells. During this event, the two daughter cells become divided by the formation of a septum.
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| show | A structure in which two pairs of homologous sister chromatids have synapsed (i.e., aligned) with each other.
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| show | The structure that forms between two daughter plant cells and leads to the separation of the cells by formation of an intervening cell wall.
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| centrosomes | show 🗑
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| centriole | show 🗑
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| show | The site where crossing over occurs between two chromosomes. It resembles the Greek letter chi, χ.
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| Cleavage furrow | show 🗑
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| crossing over | show 🗑
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| Cytogenetics | show 🗑
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| show | The fifth stage of prophase of meiosis I.
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| Diplotene | show 🗑
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| show | A pair of sister chromatids.
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| show | The production of gametes (e.g., sperm or egg cells).
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| Heterogamous | show 🗑
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| Homozygous | show 🗑
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| show | Describes a species that makes morphologically similar gametes.
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| Karyotype | show 🗑
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| Kinetochore | show 🗑
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| show | The first stage of prophase of meiosis I.
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| Locus | show 🗑
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| show | A form of cell division in which the sorting process results in the production of haploid cells from a diploid cell.
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| show | The plane at which chromosomes align during metaphase.
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| Microtubule-organizing centers | show 🗑
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| show | A type of nuclear division into two nuclei, such that each daughter cell receives the same complement of chromosomes.
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| Monad | show 🗑
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| Oogenesis | show 🗑
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| Prokaryote | show 🗑
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| Restriction point | show 🗑
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| show | The production of sperm cells.
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| synapsis | show 🗑
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| show | A complex of proteins that promotes the interconnection between homologous chromosomes during meiosis.
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| Tetrad | show 🗑
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| Zygotene | show 🗑
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| Anthers | show 🗑
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| show | An equation used to solve genetic problems involving two types of unordered events.
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| show | An early, incorrect hypothesis of heredity. According to this view, the seeds that dictate hereditary traits are able to blend together from generation to generation. The blended traits can then be passed to the next generation.
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| Chromosome theroy of Inheritance | show 🗑
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| Cross fertilization | show 🗑
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| Empirical Approach | show 🗑
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| show | A method to solve independent assortment problems in which lines are drawn to connect particular genotypes.
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| Genetic recombination | show 🗑
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| show | (1) the mating of two organisms of the same species with different characteristics; (2) the phenomenon in which two single-stranded molecules renature together to form a hybrid molecule.
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| Mendel's law of Independent Assortment | show 🗑
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| show | The two copies of a gene segregate from each other during the process that gives rise to gametes.
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| Monohybrids | show 🗑
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| Multiplication method | show 🗑
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| show | Genetic analysis using information contained within family trees. In this approach, the aim is to determine the type of inheritance pattern that a gene follows.
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| Pollen grains | show 🗑
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| show | The probability that two or more independent events will occur is equal to the products of their individual probabilities.
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| show | Fertilization that involves the union of male and female gametes derived from the same parent.
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| show | A cross in which an experimenter is following the outcome of only a single trait.
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| stigma | show 🗑
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| Strain | show 🗑
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| True breeding line | show 🗑
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| Two factor crosses | show 🗑
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| show | (1) versions of a trait; (2) individuals of the same species that exhibit different traits, such as tall and dwarf pea plants.
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| Barr body | show 🗑
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| show | Chromosomes that are not sex chromosomes.
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| Dioecious | show 🗑
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| Dosage compensation | show 🗑
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| show | A mechanism of sex determination found in some species, such as bees, in which one sex is haploid (i.e., male) and the other sex is diploid (i.e., female).
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| show | Describes the single copy of an X-linked gene in a male. A male mammal is said to be hemizygous for X-linked genes.
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| Lyon Hypothesis | show 🗑
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| show | An organism that first becomes a male and can later transform into a female.
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| show | Genes that are located in the regions found on both the X and Y chromosomes.
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| Pseudoautosomal inheritance | show 🗑
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| Reciprocal cross | show 🗑
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| sex-linked genes | show 🗑
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| testcross | show 🗑
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| show | A process in which mammals equalize the expression of X-linked genes by randomly turning off one X chromosome in the somatic cells of females.
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| X-inactivation center | show 🗑
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| show | Genes (or alleles of genes) that are physically located on the X chromosome.
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| X-linked genes | show 🗑
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| show | An inheritance pattern in certain species that involves genes that are located only on the X chromosome.
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| X-linked recessive pattern | show 🗑
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| Y-linked genes/Holandric genes | show 🗑
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