a&p chap 4 tissue
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| Tissue | a group of similar cells with similar functions
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| Four basic types of tissue | Epithelial, Connective, Muscle, and Nerve
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| Epithelial | covers or lines
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| Connective | holds together or joins
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| Muscle | contracts or shortens
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| Nerve | Conducts impulses, or communicates
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| Epithelial Tissue | Closely packed cellsAttached to connective tissue by a basement membraneEpithelial surface is opposite the basement membrane is not attached to other tissuesHas no blood vesselsRegenerates rapidly
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| Glandular Epithelium | Can be found inside glands. (Exocrine and Endocrine glands)
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| Simple Epithelium | Single layer of flat, cube-like, or column-like cellsIn places of diffusion, secretion, or filtration4 typesSquamousCuboidalColumnarPseudostratified columnar
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| Simple squamous epithelium | Single layer of thin flat cells Aids in osmosis, diffusion, and filtration. Found in the lungs, kidneys, serous membranes of ventral cavity, and endothelium (lines blood vessels)
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| Simple cuboidal epithelium | Single layer of cube-like cells. Aids in absorption and secretion. Found in the secretory part of glands, kidney tubules, surface of ovaries
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| Simple columnar epithelium | Single layer of column-like cells. Aids in secretion and absorption. Can also possess goblet cells, cilia, and/or microvilli. Found in the uterus, uterine tubes, stomach, intestines
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| Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium | Single layer but visually looks like many layers. Possess goblet cells. Line upper respiratory passageways
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| Stratified squamous epithelium | Consist of more than one layer of cells. Innermost layer undergoes mitotic cell division. Surface cells are continuously lost. Protection is an important function. Provide resistance to abrasion
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| Keratinized | type forms the epidermis. Keratin protein
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| Nonkeratinized | type lines mouth, esophagus, and vagina
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| Transitional epithelium | Accommodates stretching of the urinary bladder. Unstretched: cells are large and rounded. Stretched: surface cells become thin and flat
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| Connective Tissue | Most abundant body tissue. Support and bind other tissues. Never found on exposed surfacesHas the ability to regenerate
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| 3 Components of Connective Tissue | few, loosely arranged cells, an intercellular substance called matrix, and protein fibers varying in type in relative abundance according to function.
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| Types of connective Tissue | Connective Tissue Proper. Loose (areolar), fibrous, elastic, Adipose, Cartilage, Hyaline, Elastic, Fibro Bone Blood
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| Loose connective tissue, or Areolar | Most abundant in body. Named for its loosely arranged protein fibers. Attaches skin to muscles. Supporting framework for internal organs, nerves, blood vessels. Site for immune reactions
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| Fibrous connective tissue | Has an abundance of tightly packed collagenous fibers and few cells. Great strength and flexibility. Component of ligaments, tendons, and dermis. Poor blood supply resulting in slow healing
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| Elastic connective tissue | Has an abundance of elastic fibers that can ve stretched and still return to their normal length.Found where elasticity is neededLungs, air passages, arterial walls
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| Adipose tissue | Has large numbers of adipocytes that store fat droplets. Common beneath skin and around internal organs. Aids in fat storage and body insulation. Provides a protective cushion
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| Cartilage | matrix is semisolid. Cells are called chondrocytes and live in lacunae that are embedded in matrix. Major functions are support and protection
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| 3 types of cartilage | Hyaline cartilage. Elastic cartilage. Fibro cartilage
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| Hyaline cartilage | Most abundant cartilage. Protective covering on bones at joints. Forms part of the nose. Supports walls of air passages. Forms most of embryonic skeleton
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| Elastic cartilage | Has an abundance of elastic fibers that provide resiliency. Found in the larynx and external ear
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| Fibrocartilage | Has an abundance of tightly packed collagenous fibers. Designed to resist compression and tension. Forms intervertebral discs, cartilagenous pads in knees, cushion for the symphysis pubis
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| Bone or osseous tissue | Hardest and most rigid due to calcium salts in its matrix, along with collagenous fibers. Provides rigidity and strength to support the body
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| Lamellae | Matrix is deposited in lamellae around osteonic (Haversian) canals
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| Osteocytes | cells are called Osteocytes, also in lacunae, and are located between and are connected by canaliculi
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| Blood | Consists of numerous cells in a liquid matrix. Three types of cells. Red blood cells. White blood cells Platelets. Fibers are dissolved until needed for clotting. Blood has a vital role in transportation
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| Muscle Tissues | Cells are unable to divide so regeneration is not possible. Cells are called muscle fibers due to their long, thin appearance. Cells use specialized protein fibers for contraction. Contraction moves the body and produces heat
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| Skeletal Muscle Tissue | Attached to bones and move the body. Voluntary muscle. Cells are elongated and cylindrical, with many nuclei and striations
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| Cardiac Muscle Tissue | Found only in walls of heart. Involuntary muscle. Branching muscle fibers that interconnect at intercalated discs. Possess one nucleus and striations
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| Smooth Muscle Tissue | Occurs in the walls of hollow organs Involuntary muscle. Cells possess a spindle shape, one nucleus, and not striations
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| Nerve Tissue | Found in brain, spinal cord, and nerves. Cells are the important functional component, not fibers or matrix
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| Neurons | conduct impulses, The functional units of nerve tissue. Possess a cell body and one or more neuron process. Respond to environmental changes by making neural impulses
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| Neuroglia | supportive roles, nourish, insulate, and protect neurons
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| Body Membranes | Thin sheets of tissueLine cavities, cover surfaces, or separate tissues or organs. Two types of body membranes. Epithelial membranes. Connective tissue membranes
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| Epithelial Membranes | Composed of epithelial tissue overlying loose connective tissue
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| Serous membranes | Line ventral body cavity and cover internal organs. Secrete serous fluid to reduce friction. Examples: pleurae, pericardium, peritoneum
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| Mucous membranes | Line tubes and cavities open to the exterior. Possess goblet cells to make mucus and secrete mucous. Keeps cells moist and lubricated. Examples: digestive and respiratory tracts
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| Connective Tissue Membranes | Formed only of connective tissue
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| Meninges | cover and protect CNS
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| Perichondrium | cover and protect cartilage
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| Periosteum | Cover and protect bone
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| Synovial membrane | cover and protect joints and secrete lubricated fluid called synovial fluid
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