a&p chap 5 skin
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| Functions of the skin | show 🗑
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| Structure of the Skin and Hypodermis | show 🗑
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| show | Stratified squamous epitheliumContains no blood vessels or nerves, depends on dermis for vascular supplyServes as a boundary
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| Epidermis protects the body against | show 🗑
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| show | Innermost layer of epidermisSite of mitotic cell divisionNew cells move from the stratum basale towards the surfaceAs cells move they form distinctive layers in the epidermis
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| show | Outermost layer – varies in thickness according to usageNumerous layers of dead, flat, keratinized cellsConstantly sloughed off and replaced
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| show | It takes approximately two weeks for new cell to complete their journey through the epidermisCells acquire keratin as they migrate through the epidermal layers
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| show | Composed of fibrous connective tissueCollagen: strength and toughnessElastic fibers: extensibility and elasticity
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| Dermal papillae | show 🗑
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| show | Supplying nutrients to epidermal cellsTemperature regulation
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| show | Loose connective tissue and adipose tissue
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| Functions of Hypodermis | show 🗑
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| Skin Color | show 🗑
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| show | Red color from red pigment in red blood cells
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| Carotene | show 🗑
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| show | Brown-black pigment formed by melanocytes in epidermisSurrounding epidermal cells pick up the melanin as it is produced
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| show | Greater production= darker color
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| Melanocytes are equally distributed | show 🗑
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| show | rate of melanin production
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| Skin color of various human races results from different amounts of carotene and melanin | show 🗑
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| show | Formed by keratinized cellsMade of two partsShaftRootHair is found over most of the bodyFunctions to protect the body
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| show | Contains the hair rootBulb of follicle is site of new hair growthNourished by dermal papillaeNew cells from bulb become part of the root
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| Arrector pili muscle | show 🗑
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| Accessory Structures: Nails | show 🗑
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| show | Form from epidermis that grows inward into the dermis
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| show | Sebaceous glands - oilSudoriferous glands - sweatCeruminous glands – ear wax
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| show | Oil-producingEmpty sebum into hair folliclesFunctionsIncrease pliability and softness of skin and hairLimit evaporative water lossInhibit bacterial growth
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| show | Two types of sudoriferous glands. Apocrine sudoriferous glands and Eccrine sudoriferous glands
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| show | Located in axillaries and genital regionsActivate at pubertyMilky sweat due to proteins and fatsOdorlessBO due to bacterial decomposition
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| Eccrine sudoriferous glands | show 🗑
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| Ceruminous glands | show 🗑
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| Temperature Regulation | show 🗑
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| show | Brain increases blood flow to skinHeat loss by radiationSweat glands begin to produce perspirationSweat evaporation accelerates heat loss
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| show | Brain reduces blood flow to skinPrevents radiation heat lossSweat glands inactivateBrain stimulates skeletal muscles to “shiver” and generate additional heat
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| show | SunlightWindAbrasionsChemical irritantsBacterial invasions
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| Typical changes in aging skin | show 🗑
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