EKG Waveforms
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| What is a normal PR interval? | show 🗑
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| show | 0.06-0.10 seconds
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| What happens during P waves? | show 🗑
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| show | Ventricular depolarization
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| show | Ventricular repolarization
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| show | * Rate: 60-100bpm * Rhythm: regular * 1P:1QRS * PR interval 0.12-0.20sec * QRS 0.06-0.10sec
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| show | * same as NSR, with HR >100bpm.
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| show | * same as NSR< with HR <60bpm * do not treat unless patient is symptomatic. Treat with atropine 0.5mg or pacemaker therapy.
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| show | * Rhythm is normal until interrupted by early beats from the atria, which makes the rhythm irregular * Usually requires no treatment; advise client to reduce ETOH and caffeine intake, reduce stress, and stop smoking (if applicable).
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| show | * Rate: 100-280bpm (~150-200bpm) * PR: unmeasurable * generally T-on-P waves * vagal maneuvers, adenosine, verapamil
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| show | * Atrial rate 240-360bpm; ventricular usually <150bpm * P:QRS may be 2:1, 4:1, 6:1 or variable * PR unmeasurable * characteristic F (sawtooth) waves
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| show | * Atrial rate 300-600bpm; ventricular 100-180bpm * Rhythm: irregularly irregular * P:QRS is variable * PR unmeasurable * f (fibrillatory) waves
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| How is A-fib/A-flutter treated? | show 🗑
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| Junctional rhythm characteristics | show 🗑
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| show | * 40-60bpm * If P wave is present, PR is generally <0.10sec. * Treat if symptomatic.
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| show | * 60-100bpm
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| show | * >100bpm
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| show | * Rate: variable * Rhythm: irregular, with PVC interrupting underlying rhythm followed by a compensatory pause. * P:QRS: no P before PVC * PR: absent with PVC. * QRS is wide, bizarre, >0.12sec.
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| show | Treat is experiencing symptoms - IV lidocaine, procainamide, quinidine, propanolol. Avoid stimulant use. A RUN OF 3 OR MORE PVCS = RUN OF VTACH.
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| show | * Rate: 100-250bpm * Rhythm: regular * P waves usually not identifiable * PR not measured * wide, bizarre QRS, >0.12sec
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| show | Treat if VT is sustained or client is experiencing symptoms - amiodorone or lidocaine. If pt is unconcious or unstable, immediate defib is required.
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| Ventricular fibrillation (VF or VFib) | show 🗑
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| 1st Degree AV Block | show 🗑
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| show | * Rate 60-100bpm * Rhythm atrial regular, ventricular irregular * PR interval progressively lengthens; absence of QRS at times * monitor; atropine or isproterenol if pt is symptomatic.
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| 2nd degree AV block type 11, Mobitz II | show 🗑
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| 3rd degree AV block (complete heart block) | show 🗑
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| Bundle Branch Block (BBB) | show 🗑
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| show | * Junctional: no P waves, but REGULAR * Afib: no P waves, but IRREGULAR
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| show | PVCs that occur every other beat.
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| Unifocal PVCs | show 🗑
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| Trigeminal PVCs | show 🗑
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| Quadrigeminal PVCs | show 🗑
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| Couplet PVCs | show 🗑
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| Multifocal PVCs | show 🗑
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| show | When a PVC has occurred during the vulnerable period of ventricular repolarization (on/near peak of T wave). May precipitate into VT or VF!
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| show | when QRS complexes are identical
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| show | when QRS complexes look different
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| Treatment of stable monomorphic VT with a pulse | show 🗑
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| show | * polymorphic VT * pt becomes hemodynamically unstable very quickly
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| show | * remove/correct the causative factors. * Mg loading dose 1-2g/10mL dextrose 5% in water over 5min followed by maintenance infusion of 0.5-1g/hour.
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| show | * P waves w/o QRS complexes or an isoelectric line. May occur d/t acidosis, hypoxia, hyperkalemia, hypothermia or drug OD.
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| atrial kick accounts for ___ of CO. | show 🗑
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| show | S1. AV = mitral and tricuspid
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| Closure of the pulmonic valves constitutes which heart sound? | show 🗑
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| show | * atrial depolarization * smooth and rounded * 1P:1QRS * + in lead II * abnormally tall, peaked P = enlargement of R atrium
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| show | * represents the time from the onset of atrial depolarization to the time of ventricular depolarzation * 0.12-0.20sec
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| QRS complex | show 🗑
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| ST segment | show 🗑
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| T wave | show 🗑
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| show | 0.04
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| show | 0.20
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| show | 3, 6.
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