EKG Waveforms
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each of the black spaces below before clicking
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Help!
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| What is a normal PR interval? | show 🗑
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| What is a normal QRS? | show 🗑
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| show | Atrial depolarization
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| show | Ventricular depolarization
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| show | Ventricular repolarization
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| show | * Rate: 60-100bpm * Rhythm: regular * 1P:1QRS * PR interval 0.12-0.20sec * QRS 0.06-0.10sec
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| show | * same as NSR, with HR >100bpm.
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| Characteristics of sinus bradycardia | show 🗑
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| Characteristics of premature atrial contractions (PACs) | show 🗑
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| Atrial tachycardia (supraventricular tachycardia, or SVT) | show 🗑
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| show | * Atrial rate 240-360bpm; ventricular usually <150bpm * P:QRS may be 2:1, 4:1, 6:1 or variable * PR unmeasurable * characteristic F (sawtooth) waves
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| show | * Atrial rate 300-600bpm; ventricular 100-180bpm * Rhythm: irregularly irregular * P:QRS is variable * PR unmeasurable * f (fibrillatory) waves
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| show | ABCDE - adenosine, beta blockers, CCBs, digoxin, electrocardioversion. If <48h duration, safe to cardiovert. If >48h, must anticoagulate first before cardioversion, unless hemodynamically unstable.
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| Junctional rhythm characteristics | show 🗑
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| Junctional rhythm (junctional escape rhythm) | show 🗑
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| show | * 60-100bpm
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| Junctional tachycardia | show 🗑
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| Premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) | show 🗑
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| How are PVCs treated? | show 🗑
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| Ventricular tachycardia (VT or VTach) | show 🗑
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| show | Treat if VT is sustained or client is experiencing symptoms - amiodorone or lidocaine. If pt is unconcious or unstable, immediate defib is required.
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| Ventricular fibrillation (VF or VFib) | show 🗑
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| 1st Degree AV Block | show 🗑
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| show | * Rate 60-100bpm * Rhythm atrial regular, ventricular irregular * PR interval progressively lengthens; absence of QRS at times * monitor; atropine or isproterenol if pt is symptomatic.
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| 2nd degree AV block type 11, Mobitz II | show 🗑
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| 3rd degree AV block (complete heart block) | show 🗑
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| Bundle Branch Block (BBB) | show 🗑
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| Difference between junctional rhythm w/ BBB and afib w/ BBB | show 🗑
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| Bigeminal PVCs | show 🗑
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| show | Look exactly the same - probably came from the same site in the ventricles.
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| Trigeminal PVCs | show 🗑
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| Quadrigeminal PVCs | show 🗑
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| Couplet PVCs | show 🗑
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| Multifocal PVCs | show 🗑
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| show | When a PVC has occurred during the vulnerable period of ventricular repolarization (on/near peak of T wave). May precipitate into VT or VF!
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| show | when QRS complexes are identical
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| polymorphic VT | show 🗑
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| show | * amiodorone 150mg IV bolus/10min, followed by 1mg/min infusion over 6hrs then 0.5mg/min over 18hrs. * lidocaine 1-1.5mg/kg IV bolus, then 0.5-0.75mg/kg IV q5-10min. Maintenance: 1-4mg/min. * AL drugs - ^
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| show | * polymorphic VT * pt becomes hemodynamically unstable very quickly
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| show | * remove/correct the causative factors. * Mg loading dose 1-2g/10mL dextrose 5% in water over 5min followed by maintenance infusion of 0.5-1g/hour.
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| ventricular standstill | show 🗑
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| show | 30%
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| show | S1. AV = mitral and tricuspid
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| show | S2. PV = semilunar valves. aortic and pulmonic
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| P wave | show 🗑
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| PR interval | show 🗑
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| QRS complex | show 🗑
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| ST segment | show 🗑
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| show | * ventricular repolarization
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| 1 small box on EKG paper = ____sec | show 🗑
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| show | 0.20
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| show | 3, 6.
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