Psych Unit 6B Vocab
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| Associative learning | Learning that certain events occur together
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| Classical conditioning | Learning where we link two or more stimuli
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| Behaviorism | The view that psych is objective and studies behavior without mental processes
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| Ivan Pavlov | The og behaviorist with a bell
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| Unconditioned Response (UR) | An unconditioned, naturally occurring response
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| Unconditioned Stimulus (US) | A stimulus that naturally and automatically triggers a UR
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| Conditioned Stimulus (CS) | An originally neutral stimulus that triggers a CR
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| Conditioned Response (CR) | A learned response to a previously natural stimulus
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| Acquisition | Initial learning of the stimulus-response relationship
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| Higher-order conditioning | When the stimulus becomes a CS without a US
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| Extinction | The diminishing of a conditioned response
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| Spontaneous recovery | The reappearance of a CR after a pause
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| Generalization | The tendency to respond to stimuli similar to the CS
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| Discrimination | The learned ability to distinguish between a CS and irrelevant stimuli
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| Counterconditioning | Conditioning someone to change their response
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| One-Trial Conditioning | States learning occurs in a single pairing not strengthened over time through repeated exposure
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| Biological Preparedness | The idea that organisms are predisposed to learning associations
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| Habituation | The process of growing accustomed to a situation or stimulus
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| Operant conditioning | When behavior is increased following a reinforcer
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| B.F. Skinner | Big behaviorist and operant conditioner
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| Thorndike’s law of effect | Rewarded behavior recurs, punished does the opposite
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| Operant chamber | A box with a way to obtain something and devices to record how many times something was obtained
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| Reinforcement | Any event that strengthens a preceding response
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| Shaping | Guiding behavior toward the desired behavior
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| Positive reinforcement | Increasing behavior through positive reinforcers
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| Negative reinforcement | Increasing behavior by stopping negative stimuli
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| Primary reinforcers | An innately reinforcing stimulus
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| Secondary reinforcers | A stimulus that gains power through association with a primary reinforcer
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| Continuous reinforcement | Reinforcing desired response each occurance
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| Partial reinforcement schedules | Reinforcing a response only part of the time
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| Fixed-ratio schedules | Reinforces behavior after a set number of responses
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| Variable-ratio schedules | Provides reinforcers after a seemingly unpredictable number of responses
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| Fixed-interval schedules | Reinforces response after a specified time
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| Variable-interval schedules | Reinforces response at unpredictable time intervals
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| Reinforcement Discrimination | Reinforcing in presence of one stimulus but not others
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| Reinforcement Generalization | When reinforced behavior also exhibits in similar contexts
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| Learned Helplessness | Behavior after enduring repeated aversive stimuli beyond someone's control
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| Punishment | An event that tends to decrease behavior it follows
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| Positive punishment | Administer an aversive stimulus
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| Negative punishment | Withdraw a rewarding stimulus
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| Instinctive drift | Tendency of learned behavior to revert to biological predispositions
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| Cognitive map | Mental representation of the layout of one's environment
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| Latent learning | Learning that doesn't appear until there's incentive to demonstrate it
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| Insight Learning | Immediate and clear learning or understanding
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| Observational learning | Learning by observing others
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| Modeling | The process of observing and imitating behavior
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| Vicarious Conditioning | Learning through observing others' responses
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| Theory of mind | The capacity to understand that others think their own thoughts
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| Social Learning Theory | Suggests social behavior is learned by observing and imitating the behavior of others
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