Chapter 1&2 - Cellular Regeneration/Functions Vocab
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| Cellular Edema | Cellular swelling
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| Hypoxia | Lack of oxygen in the body
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| Etiology | The original cause of cellular alteration or disease
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| Homeostasis | When the body is resting at a state of equilibrium
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| Allostasis | The body's way of adapting to acute stress to maintain homeostasis
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| Allostatic Load | "wear and tear" on the body after experiencing chronic stress
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| Allostatic Overload | Prolonged allostatic load that exceeds an individual's capacity and becomes dysregulated
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| Cellular adaptation | Protective mechanism that prevents cellular/tissue harm due to stressors
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| Pathognomic changes | Unique histological findings that point to a distinct disease process (ex: crater in the stomach = ulcer)
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| Histology | The microscopic study of tissues and cells for diagnostic purposes
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| Biopsy | The extraction of cell samples from an organ or mass of tissue for histological examination
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| Differentiation | The maturation of a cell from a simple form to a more specialized type of cell (ex: zygote ---> embryo)
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| Atrophy | The shrinkage of a cell due to a decrease in work demands
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| Hypertrophy | The enlargement of cells due to overuse
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| Physiologic vs pathologic | Physiologic: a normal or healthy body process
Pathologic: a diseased or abnormal process
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| Angiogenesis | The creation of new blood vessels
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| Hyperplasia | an increase in the # of cells in an organ or tissue
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| Metaplasia | when one cell type is replaced by another (reversable change)
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| Dysplasia | Deranged cell growth of a specific tissue resulting in various sizes and organization of cells
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| Anaplasia | The progression of abnormal cells, eventually leading to loss of differentiation
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| Neoplasia | Disorganized, uncoordinated, uncontrolled cell growth that is considered cancerous
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| Endothelium | the continuous layer of cells that line the blood vessels
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| VEGF (what do these acronyms stand for?) | Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor
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| Endothelin | A peptide that constricts blood vessels to raise blood pressure
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| Atherosclerosis | A build up of plaque that causes blockages in arteries
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| Hypertension | High blood pressure
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| Hyperglycemia | High blood sugar
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| Free radicals | a highly reactive molecule with unpaired electrons that can easily bond to cells and create oxidative stress and potential DNA damage
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| Hyperlipidemia | High lipids/cholesterol in the blood
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| Atherogenesis | The creation of plaque
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| Apoptosis | programmed cell death
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| Necrosis | cell death due to injury that is irreversible
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| Infarction | Death of tissue resulting from prolonged ischemia
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| Ischemia | Lack of oxygenated blood to tissues
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| Gangrene | Prolonged ischemia, infarction and necrosis that becomes infected with Clostridium perfringens
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| Wet gangrene | bacteria invades tissue and swells, oozes, and has a foul odor
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| Dry gangrene | Lack of blood supply leading to tissue death (turns black)
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