DinorahA - Anatomy 1-5
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| What is Anatomy? | The Study of body structure, whereareas physiology deals with body function.
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| Which are the three major body planes that lie at right angles to another? (describe each) | Sagittal, Coronal, Transverse
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| Describe the Sagittal body plane | Lenghtiwse plane running from front to back and top to bottom dividing the body from right to left sides.
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| Describe the Coronal body plane | Lenghtwise plane running from side to side and top to bottom dividing the body into anterior and posterior portions.
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| Describe the Transverse body plane | Any crosswise plane that divides the body into upper and lower parts
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| What are the two major body cavities in the body? | Dorsal Cavities and Ventral Cavities
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| Which is the most abundant element essential to life | Carbon
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| What pH stands for and what it means? | The power of hydrogen. Means to measure how much H+ ions are in a solution and therefore making something more acidic or basic.
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| What is a chemical bound? | Interaction between two or more atoms occur largely as a results of activity between electrons in their outermost energy level
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| An iconic bond is | A chemical bond formed by the transfer of electrons from one atom to another.
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| What is another name for an iconid bond | Electrovalent bond
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| What is a Covalent bond? | A chemical bond formed by the sharing of one or more pairs of electrons between the outer energy levels of two atoms
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| Describe the term cells | The smallest and most numerous structural units that possess and exhibit the basic characteristics of living matter.
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| How many cells are there in the body? | 150-pound adult human body at 100,000,000,000,000 (100 trillion).
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| Example of cells types | Nerve cells, Muscle cells, Red Blood cells, Gland cells, Immune cells.
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| What is cytoplams | Gel like subtances inside of the cells
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| What is the function of the plasma membrane | Serve as a the boundary of the cell, maintains its integrity.
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| Describe the function of the golgius aparatus | Synthesizes carbohydrate, combines it with protein, and packages the product as globules of glycoprotrein
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| What contains the nucleus of the cell? | Spherical double-membrane container of chromatin (DNA)
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| DNA | Deoxyribonucleic Acid.The most golden of all molecules. The importance of its function surpasses that of any other molecule in the world. A human gene is a segment of a DNA molecule. Each DNA is a code.
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| RNA | RIBONUCLEIC ACID (RNA) To make a protein, the gene code in DNA is first copied to a messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) molecule, or transcript.
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| What is Mitosis? | Mitosis, the process of organizing and distributing nuclear DNA during cell division.
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| Which are the principal types of tissue? | Ephitelial, connective, muscle and nervous tissues
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| Which are the primary germ layers? | Endoderm, mesoderms and ectoderm.
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| What is histogenesis? | Process where the cells in each germ layer become incresingly more fifferentiated to form specific tissues.
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| Describe the function of ephitelial tissue | Cover and protect the body surface. (outer layer of skin)
Line body cavities. (Lining of the respiratory, digestive, urinary, reproductive tracts)
Transport of subtances (absorption, secretion, excretion)/
Glandular activity (Glands of the body)
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| Which type of tissue supporst the body stuctures? (provide an example) | Connective tissue.
Ex: Bones, joints, fat, blood.
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| Long fiberlike cells, sometimes branched, capable of pulling loads | Muscle tissue
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| Tissue of the brain and spinal cord is an example of which type of tissue | Nervous tissue
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| The extracellular matrix is compose of? | Water, proteins/glycoproteins/proteoglycans and polysaccharides
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| Mention the functions of the bones | Support, Protection, Movement, Mineral Storage and Hematopoiesis (blood formation)
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| How many bones are in the body? | 206
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| How many categories of bones are? What are their names? | 5 categories and are divided in long bones (humerus), short bones (carpal), flat bones (sternum), irregular bones(vertebra) and sesamoid bones (patella).
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| Types of bone cells | Osteblasts
Osteoclasts
Osteocytes
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| Describe what osteblast cells do: | small cells that synthesize and secrete an organic matrix called osteoid. Aka bone forming cells
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| What is the function of the osteclasts cells? | Giant multinucleate cells that are responsible for the active erosion of bone minerals. Bone reabsorbing cells
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| Describe the osteocytes cells | Giant multinucleate cells that are responsible for the active erosion of bone minerals.
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| What is bone marrow? | Soft connect connective tissue, serves as the site for production of WBC and is found in the medullary cavities of certain long bones and in the spaces of spongy bone in some areas.
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| How many types of bone marrow exist? | Two, During the lifetime of an individual, two types of marrow exist. In an infant’s or child’s body, virtually all the bones contain red marrow. As an individual ages, the red marrow is gradually replaced by yellow marrow. In yellow marrow
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| Types of cartilage | Hyaline, elastic and fibrocartilage
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| Hyaline cartilage is: | The most common type of cartilage, hyaline cartilage forms from differentiation of mesenchymal cells. Also, forms the costal cartilages that connect the anterior ends of the ribs with the sternum, or breastbone.
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| Elastic cartilage function: | Gives form to the external ear; the epiglottis that covers the opening of the respiratory tract during swallowing; and the auditory (eustachian) tubes that connect the middle ear and nasal cavity.
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| Fibrocartilage is: | Characterized by abundant fibrous elements within the matrix . Strong, rigid, and most often associated with regions of dense connective tissue in the body.
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