Chapter One part one - Rubenstein
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| Map | a two dimensional, or flat, representation of Earth's surface or a portion of it.
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| Connections | relationships between people and objects.
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| Demographic Transition | a north-south line designated in the Land Ordinanace of 1785 to facilitate the surveying and numbering of townships in the U.S.
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| Remote Sensing | the acquisition of data about Earth's surface from a satellite orbiting the planet or other long-distance methods.
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| Site | the physical character of a place.
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| Longitude | The numbering system used to indicate the location of meridians drawn on a globe and measuring distance east and west of the prime meridian (0°).
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| Cultural Landscape | Fashioning of a natural landscape by a cultural group.
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| Place | A specific point on Earth distinguished by a particular character.
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| Pandemic | The system used to transfer locations from Earth's surface to a flat map.
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| Base lines | An east-west line designated under the Land Ordinance of 1785 to facilitate the surveying and numbering of townships in the United States.
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| Global Positioning System | GPS - a system that determines the precise position of something on Earth through a series of satellites, tracking stations, and receivers.
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| Situation | The location of a place relative to other places.
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| Latitude | The numbering system used to indicate the location of parallels drawn on a globe measuring distance north and south of the equator(0°).
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| Regional Studies | An approach to geography that emphasizes the relationships among social and physical phenomena in a particular study area.
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| Scale | Generally, the relationship between the portion of Earth being studied and Earth as a whole, specifically the relationship between the size of an object on a map and the size of the actual feature on Earth's surface.
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| Township | a square normally 6 miles on a side. The Land Ordinance of 1785 divided much of the U.S into a series of townships
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| Sections | a square normally 1 mile on a side. The Land Ordinance of 1785 divided townships in the United States into 36 sections.
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| Location | The Position of anything on Earth's surface.
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| Meridian | An arc drawn on a map between the North and South poles.
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| Prime Meridian | The meridian, designated as 0° longitude, that passes through the Royal Observatory at Greenwich, England.
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| Formal Region | An area in which everyone shares in one or more distinctive characteristics.
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| Space | The physical gap or interval between two objects.
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| Land Ordinance of 1785 | A law that divided much of the Unites States into a system of townships to facilitate the sale of land to settlers.
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| Geographic Information System | GIS - A computer system that stores, organizes, analyzes, and displays geographic information
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| Toponyms | The Name given to a portion of Earth's surface.
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| Parallel | A circle drawn around the globe parallel to the equator and at right angles to the meridians.
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| Greenwich Mean Time | GMT - The time tin that time zone encompassingthe prime meridian, or 0° longitude.
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| International Date Line | An arc that for the most part follows 180° longitude although it deviates in several places to avoid dividing land areas. Eastwards you go back a day, Westwards you go ahead a day.
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| Functional Region | an area organized around a node or focal point.
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| Cultural Ecology | Geographic apporach that emphasizes human-environment relationships.
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| Globalization | Actions or processes that involve the entire World and result in making something worldwide in scope.
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| Arithmetic Density | The total number of people divided by the total land area.
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| Pattern | The geometric or regular arrangement of something in a study area.
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| Hearth | The region from which innovative ideas originate.
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| Contagious Diffusion | The rapid, widespread diffusion of a feature or trend throughout a population.
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| Vernacular Region | An area that people believe exists as part of their cultural identity.
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| Possibilism | The theory that the physical environment may set limits on human actions, but people have the ability to adjust to the physical environment and choose a course of action from many alternatives.
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| Distribution | The arrangement of something across Earth's surface.
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| Physiological Density | The number of people per unit per unit of area of arable land, which is land suitable for agriculture.
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| Distance Decay | The diminishing in importance and eventual disappearance of phenomenon with increasing distance from its origin.
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| Relocation Diffusion | The spread if a feature or trend through bodily movement of people from one place to another.
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| Stimulus diffusion | The spread of an underlying principle, even though a specific characteristic is rejected.
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| Mental Map | An internal representation of a portion of Earth's surface based on what an individual knows about a place, containing personal impressions of what is in a place and where places are located.
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| Polder | Land created by the Dutch by draining water from an area.
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| Density | The frequency which something exists within a given unit of area.
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| Concentration | The spread of something over a given area.
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| Diffusion | The process if spread if a feature or trend from one place to another over time.
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| Expansion Diffusion | The spread of a feature or trend among people from one area to another in a snowballing process.
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| Uneven Development | The increasing gap in economic conditions between core and peripheral regions as a result of the globalization of the economy.
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| Culture | The body of customary beliefs, social forms, and material traits that together constitute a group of people's distinct tradition.
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| Environmental Determinism | A nineteenth- and early twentieth-century approach to the study of geography that argued that the general laws sought by human geographers could be found in the physical sciences.
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| transnational corporation | A company that conducts research, operates factories, and sells products in many countries, not just where its headquarters or shareholders are located.
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| agricultural density | The ratio of the number of farmers to the total amount of land suitable for agriculture.
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| Space-Time Compression | The reduction in the time it takes to diffuse something to a distance place, as a result of improved communications and transportation systems.
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| Hierarchical Diffusion | the spread of a feature or trend from one key person or node of authority or power to other persons or places.
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