Ch 1, 2, 3
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| show | * Invisible
* Electrically neutral
* No mass
* Cannot be optically focused
* Travel @ speed of light in vaccum
* Form a polyenergetic beam
* Can be produced in a range of
energies
* Can cause some substances to
fluoresce
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| List 7 more Characteristics of X-rays | show 🗑
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| What is the medically useful diagnostic range of x-ray energies? | show 🗑
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| show | 1895
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| What is the speed of light? | show 🗑
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| show | 1898
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| X-rays were discovered in experiments dealing with: | show 🗑
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| show | fluoresce
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| X-radiation is part of which spectrum? | show 🗑
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| show | waves and particles
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| How are the wavelength and frequency of x-rays related? | show 🗑
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| Who won the 1st Nobel prize in physics in 1901? | show 🗑
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| How fast does a rotating anode spin? | show 🗑
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| What is the atomic number of tungsten? | show 🗑
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| What is a mammography target made of? | show 🗑
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| show | the anode
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| show | 5%
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| show | Focal spot
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| show | Directly
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| show | Rotating anode dissipates heat better
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| What is the acceptable leakage radiation? | show 🗑
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| What is the Source-to-skin distance requirements? | show 🗑
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| What percentage of interactions above 70kVp are Bremsstrahlung? | show 🗑
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| What percentage of interactions below 70kVp are Bremsstrahlung? | show 🗑
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| Produced when a projectile electron interacts with an electron from the inner shell (K-shell) of the tungsten atom | show 🗑
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| show | Bremmstrahlung
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| True or False: There is no difference between a Bremsstrahlung interaction and a Characteristic interaction at the same energy level. | show 🗑
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| What determines the speed at which the electrons in the tube current move? | show 🗑
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| show | milliampere (mA)
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| show | filament
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| show | focusing cup
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| Allows electrons to flow freely across the tube from the cathode to the anode | show 🗑
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| show | anode
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| show | target
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| show | Tungsten
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| Atomic # of tungsten | show 🗑
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| show | 3370 C
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| show | Molybdenum
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| show | 42
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| show | Molybdenum
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| show | Frequency
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| What is the difference between Bremstrahlung & Characteristic x-rays at the same energy level? | show 🗑
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| What turns the rotor at a very high speed? | show 🗑
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| What rotates rapidly during x-ray production? | show 🗑
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| The physical area of the target that is bombarded by electrons during x-ray production. | show 🗑
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| show | leakage radiation
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| In what direction do electrons travel? | show 🗑
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| How fast do electrons travel? | show 🗑
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| show | Bremsstrahlung & Characteristic
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| show | Bremsstrahlung
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| show | Effective focal spot size
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| show | True
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| Describes how x-ray intensity is greater on cathode side, with the intensity diminishing | show 🗑
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| show | mA x s
milliamperage x seconds
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| Doesn't allow any more electrons to be boiled off the filament. | show 🗑
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| show | compton electron or recoil electron
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| show | 1.0
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| show | heat unit
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| show | * kilovoltage (kVp)
* milliampere (mA)
* exposure time
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| How is mAs calculated? | show 🗑
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| show | space charge effect
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| What is the ejected electron in Compton effect called? | show 🗑
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| single-phase factor | show 🗑
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| The amount of heat produced from an exposure is expressed by the... | show 🗑
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| What factors do radiographers select to produce a quality image? | show 🗑
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| Allows imaging movement of internal structures. | show 🗑
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| show | latent image
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| show | manifest image
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| positively charged electrode | show 🗑
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| show | they are directly proportional
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| show | x-ray tube
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| Describes how x-ray intensity is greater on cathode side, with the intensity diminishing toward the anode side. | show 🗑
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| x-rays are also called | show 🗑
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| A radiographic image is created by passing an x-ray beam through the patient & interacting with the | show 🗑
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| True or False: At higher kilovoltages, fewer photon interactions occur, resulting in more x-ray transmissions. | show 🗑
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| show | 99%
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| show | barium platinocyanide
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| Absorption is similar to what interaction? | show 🗑
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| negatively charged electrode | show 🗑
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| focuses electrons | show 🗑
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| show | tube current
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| Process where some of the x-ray beam is absorbed in the tissue & some passes through the body | show 🗑
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| True or False: The more mA, the more x-rays produced | show 🗑
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| show | inversely
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| show | * Single-phase
* Three-phase 6 pulse
* Three-phase 12 pulse
* High frequency
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| Type of double-wedge filter used for AP projection of the thorax | show 🗑
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| show | 3 * 10^8 meters per second
186,000 miles per second
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| X-ray tubes operating above 70 kVp must have a minimum total filtration of ______ or its equivalent | show 🗑
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| show | 1%
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| show | trough filter
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| show | 3 * 10^8 meters per second
186,000 miles per second
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| X-ray tubes operating above 70 kVp must have a minimum total filtration of ______ or its equivalent | show 🗑
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| What percentage of electrons in the tube current are converted to x-rays? | show 🗑
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| show | transmission
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| show | direct relationship; speed of electrons increase as kilovoltage increases
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| Heat unit equation | show 🗑
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| show | thermiotic emission
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| show | focusing cup
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| show | filament
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| Occurs with low energy x-rays; photon interacts with atom & excites it; the atom DOES NOT lose energy, but it does change direction | show 🗑
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| show | space charge
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| Three-phase 6 pulse factor | show 🗑
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| show | 1.41
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| show | Added filtration
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| Most common type of compensating filter - thicker portion is lined up with thinner portion of body | show 🗑
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| When the attenuated x-ray beam leaves the patient, the beam is called | show 🗑
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| show | Characteristic interaction
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| show | filament current
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| show | inherent filtration
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| show | half-value layer
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| show | electromagnetic radiation
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| show | output phosphor
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| any x-rays other than the primary beam that escape the tube housing | show 🗑
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| show | mA
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| show | scattering
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| show | when incoming x-ray photon has enough energy to remove the inner shell electron
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| show | * glass envelope
* oil that surrounds tube
* mirror inside collimator
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| show | compensating filters
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| show | instantaneous load tube rating chart
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| Bremsstrahlung Interaction | show 🗑
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| polyenergetic beam that consists of a wide range of energies | show 🗑
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| focal spot size as measured directly under anode target | show 🗑
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| interactions that can occur within all diagnostic x-ray energies | show 🗑
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| show | focusing cup
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| show | * quality
* quantity
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| What do low energy photons do? | show 🗑
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| show | dosimeter
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| show | wavelength
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| The ejected electron resulting from total absorption of the photon during the photoelectric effect interaction. | show 🗑
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| the ability of an x-ray photon to remove an electron | show 🗑
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| In what year did they discover that x-rays could cause biological damage? | show 🗑
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| show | photocathode
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| What converts exit radiation photons to visible light in the image intensifier? | show 🗑
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| Interaction where energy scatters and changes direction | show 🗑
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| show | image intensification
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| show | kiloelectron volts (kev)
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| show | mAs reciprocity
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| High frequency generator factor | show 🗑
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| show | Brightness gain
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| show | Photoelectric effect
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| show | * transmitted radiation
* scattered radiation
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| Added filtration and inherent filtration | show 🗑
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| What kind of tubes was Roentgen working with when he discovered x-rays? | show 🗑
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| show | attenuation
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| show | fluorescence
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| show | exposure time
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| show | actual focal spot
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| the relationship between the actual focal spot & the effective focal spot | show 🗑
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| show | Direct relationship: as kVp increases, penetrability increases
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| What is the device that receives the radiation that exits the patient to create the radiographic image? | show 🗑
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| What are some factors that affect the beam interaction? | show 🗑
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| show | differential absorption
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| What is the process whereby some of the x-ray beam is absorbed in the tissue and some passes through the anatomic part? | show 🗑
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| What does the word "differential" mean? | show 🗑
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| Does differential absorption increase or decrease as kVp is reduced? | show 🗑
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| What are the processes that occur during beam attenuation? | show 🗑
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| The variations between _______ and __________ of the exiting x-ray beam will structurally represent the anatomic area of interest. | show 🗑
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| The reduction in the energy of the primary beam is known as: | show 🗑
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| show | photoelectron
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| show | Photoelectric Effect or Photoelectric Interaction
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| show | light
low
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| show | * the energy of the incoming x-ray
photon
* the composition of the anatomic
tissue
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| show | ionization
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| show | absorption
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| The energy of the incoming x-ray photon must be at least _____ to the binding energy of inner shell electrons. | show 🗑
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| show | False
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| The process of ________ means that the photons lose energy and are not absorbed during interaction; instead, the photon changes direction. | show 🗑
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| _____ is an outer shell electron interaction. | show 🗑
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| The electron that is ejected during the compton effect is called a | show 🗑
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| During the process of Compton scattering, the incident photon continues on an altered path, scattered, with less energy and a _____ wavelength than before the collision. | show 🗑
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| show | False
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| show | decrease
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| show | increase
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| show | transmission
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| show | high
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| show | dark / high
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| True or False: The quality of the image created is compromised if the scattered x-ray photon strikes the image receptor. | show 🗑
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| show | exit radiation
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| show | transmitted and scattered
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| Scatter radiation creates unwanted density on the image called: | show 🗑
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| show | less than 5%
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| show | latent
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| Developing and processing an exposed film produces the _______ image. | show 🗑
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| Anatomic tissues that vary in absorption and transmission create the ___________ on the image. | show 🗑
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| show | fluoroscopy
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| What is the process in which the exit radiation form the anatomic area of interest interacts with a light emitting material for conversion to visible light? | show 🗑
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| show | input phosphor
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| show | photocathode
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| show | to focus electrons into a narrow stream toward the output phosphor
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| show | electronic video signal
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| What are the 2 types of digital radiography that is commonly used today? | show 🗑
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| show | True
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| In digital imaging, the latent image is stored as ________ and must be processed by computer for viewing. | show 🗑
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| show | False
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