Study Cards For Final Exam
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| Atrophy | means the weakness or wearing away of body tissue and structures
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| Cretinism | congenital form of hypothyroidism that if not stopped causes arrested physical and mental development
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| Dystonia | a condition of abnormal muscle tone that causes impairment of voluntary muscle movement
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| Dysuria | difficult or painful urination
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| Laceration | torn or jagged wound or an accidental cut wound
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| Myotonia | a neuromuscular disorder characterized by the slow relaxation of the muscle after a voluntary contraction
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| ostomy | surgically creating an opening
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| Sarcoma | malignant tumor that arises from connective tissues, including hard tissues, soft tissues, and liquid tissues
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| Superior plane | uppermost, above, or toward the head
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| Uremia | toxic condition resulting from renal failure in which the kidney function is compromised and urea is retained in the blood
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| Vitiligo | skin condition resulting from the destruction of the melanocytes due to unknown causes
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| abduction | the movement of a limb away from the midline of the body
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| ACE inhibitor | block the action of the enzyme that causes the blood vessels to contract resulting in hypertension
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| Acute renal failure | sudden onset and is characterized by uremia. Fatal if not reversed. Caused by sudden drop in blood volume or blood pressure due to surgery or accident
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| Acyclovir | antiviral medication
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| Adenoma | benign tumor that arises in or resembles glandular tissue
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| Aldosteronism | abnormality of the electrolyte balance caused by the excessive secretion of aldosterone. This is not one of the characteristics of diabetes.
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| Amenorrhea | abnormal absence of menstrual periods for 3 or more months
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| Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis | Lou Gehrig's Disease. Rapidly progressive neurological disease that attacks the nerve cells responsible for controlling voluntary muscles
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| Anthracosis | Also know as Black Lung, caused by coal dust in the lung
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| Aphonia | loss of the ability of the larynx to produce normal speech sounds
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| Arachnophobia | excessive fear of spiders
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| Arthrolysis | surgical loosening of an ankylosed joint
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| Arthroplasty | surgical repair of a damaged joint
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| Ascending tract | nerves impulses travel towards the brain
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| Ather/o | plaque, fatty substance
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| Atrial fibrillation | also known as A Fib, occurs when the normal rhythmic contractions of the atria are replaced by rapid irregular twitching of the muscular heart wall
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| Autism | group of conditions in which a young child cannot develop normal social relationships, compulsively follows repetitive routines and frequently has poor communication
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| Bolus | mass of food that has been chewed and is ready to be swallowed
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| Bradycardia | abnormally slow resting heart rate
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| Bulimia | eating disorder characterized by bouts of binge eating
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| Calcitonin | works with the parathyroid hormone to regulate calcium levels in the blood and tissues
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| Carpal tunnel syndrome | occurs when the tendon that pass through the carpal tunnel are chronically over used and become inflamed and swollen. Causes pressure on the medial nerve
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| Causalgia | persistent severe burning pain that usually follow an injury to a sensory nerve
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| Cerebrum | the largest and uppermost portion of the brain responsible for all thought, judgment, memory, and emotion
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| Cholangiography | a radiographic examination of the bile ducts with the use of contrasts medium
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| Choroid | opaque middle layer of the eyeball that contains many blood vessels and provides blood supply for the entire eye
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| Closed reduction | also known as manipulation, is the attempted realignment of the bone involve in a fracture or joint dislocation
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| Colposcopy | direct visual examination of the tissues of the cervix and vagina using a binocular magnifier
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| Comminuted fracture | one in which the bone is splintered or crushed
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| Congestive heart failure | Heart failure.chronic condition in which the heart is unable to pump out all of the blood it receives. Decreased pumping action causes congestion.
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| Convergence | simultaneous inward movement of the eyes toward each other. Occurs in an effort to maintain single binocular vision as an object comes nearer
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| Cortisone | also know as hydrocortisone, is the synthetic equivalent of corticosteroids produced by the body. Used to suppress inflammation and as an immunosuppressant
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| Cryptorchidism | also known as undescended testicle, is a developmental defect in which one or both of the testicles fails to descend
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| Dementia | slowly progressive decline in mental abilities, including memory, thinking, and judgment that is often accompanied by personality changes
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| Dermatoplasty | also known as skin graft, is the replacement of damaged skin with healthy tissue taken from a donor site on the patient's body
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| Dual x-ray absorptiometry | low-exposure radiographic measurement of the spin & hips to measure bone density. Best test for osteoporosis
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| Ductal carcinomas in situ | breast cancer in its earliest stage before the cancer has broken through the wall of the milk duct
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| Dysmenorrhea | pain caused by uterine cramps during menstrual period
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| Dysphagia | difficulty swallowing
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| Dysplasia | abnormal development or growth of cells, tissues or organs
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| Encephalitis | inflammation of the brain
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| Endocervicitis | inflammation of the mucous membrane lining of the cervix
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| Ergonomics | the study of the human factors that affect the design and operation of tools and the work environment
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| Factitious disorders | condition in which an individual acts as if he or she has a physical or mental illness when the individual is not really sick
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| Fascioplasty | the surgical repair of the fascia
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| Fibrocystic breast disease | presence of single or multiple benign cysts in the breasts
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| Fimbriae | fringed, finger-like extensions - role is to catch the mature ovum when it leave the ovary
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| Flexion | decreasing the angle between two bones by bending a limb at a joint
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| Foramen | an opening in a bone through which blood vessels, nerves and ligaments pass
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| Fovea centralis | is a pit in the middle of the macula
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| Frontal plane | vertical plane that divides the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) portions
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| Furuncle | also know as boils, large, tender, swollen areas caused by staph infection around hair follicles or sebaceous glands
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| Gastralgia | also know as stomach ache, means pain in the stomach
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| Genome | a complete set of genetic information for an individual
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| Geriatrician | a physician who specializes in the care of older people
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| Halitosis | bad breath
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| Hallucination | sensory perception experienced in the absence of external stimulation
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| Hemoglobin | iron-containing pigments of the erythrocytes
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| Hemorrhagic stroke | also known as a bleed, occurs when a blood vessel in the brain leaks.
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| Hepatorrhagia | hemorrhage into or from the liver
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| Hodgkin’s lymphoma | distinguished from other lymphomas by the presence of large, cancerous lymphocytes known as Reed Sternberg cells
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| Holter Monitor | portable electrocardiograph that is worn by ambulatory patients to continuously monitor the heart rate over 24 hours
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| Homeostasis | the process through which the body maintains a constant internal environment
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| Hypercapnia | the abnormal buildup of carbon dioxide in the blood
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| Hyperhydrosis | excessive sweating
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| Hyperproteinuria | presence of abnormally high concentrations of protein in the urine
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| Hypochondriac regions | located on the left and right sides of the body and are covered by the lower ribs
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| Hypokinesia | abnormally decreased muscle function or activity
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| Influenza | is an acute, highly contagious viral respiratory infection occurring mainly during colder months
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| Insulin | Regulates the transport of glucose to body cells and stimulates the conversion of excess glucose to glycogen for storage
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| Laryngoplegia | paralysis of the larynx
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| Lateral | means the direction toward or nearer the side away from the midline
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| Leuk/o | white
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| Leukopenia | describes any situation in which the total number of leukocytes in the circulating blood is LESS than normal
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| Lupus erythematosus | autoimmune disorder characterized by red, scaly rash on the face and upper trunk.
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| Lymphangioma | benign tumor formed by an abnormal collection of lymphatic vessels due to a congenital malformation of the lymphatic system
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| Macule | clearly defined yellow area in the center of the retina. This is the area of sharpest central vision
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| Medial | means the direction toward or nearer the midline
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| Melanocyte stimulating hormone | increases the production of melanin in melanocyts, causing the darkening of the skin
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| Metastasis a new cancer site that results from the spreading process |
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| Midsagittal plane | also know as the midline, divides the body into equal left and right halves
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| Myc/o | fungus
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| Myleodysplastic syndrome | previously known as preleukemia, is a group of bone marrow disorders that are characterized by the insufficient production of one or more types of blood cells due to dysfunction of the bone marrow
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| Myleopathy | any pathologic change or disease in the spinal cord
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| Myocardial infarction | heart attack; the occlusion of one or more arteries caused by plaque buildup
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| Myocele | is the herniation of muscle substance through a tear in the fascia surrounding it.
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| Nebulizer | Also known as an atomizer, pumps air or oxygen through a liquid medicine to turn into vapor which is inhaled by the patient
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| Nephrolysis | freeing of a kidney from adhesions
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| Nephropyosis | suppuration ( formation or discharge of pus) of the kidney
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| Neuritis | inflammation of a nerve or nerves
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| Neurogenic bladder | a urinary problem caused by interference with the normal nerve pathways associated with urination
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| Neutrophils | formed in red bone marrow, are the most common types of WBC
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| Nocturia | excessive urination during the night
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| Nyctalopia | night blindness
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| Ot/o | ear, hearing
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| Otopyorrhea | flow of pus from the ear
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| Otosclerosis | ankylosis of the bones of the middle eat resulting in conduction hearing loss
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| Patella | also known as the kneecap, is the bony anterior portion of the knee
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| Pediculosis capitis | infestation of head lice
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| Pelvic cavity | space formed by the hip bones and it contains primarily the organs of the reproductive and excretory systems
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| Physiology | study of the functions of the structures of the body
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| Pineal gland | secretes the hormone melatonin
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| Pleural effusion | abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pleural space
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| Polyphagia | excessive hunger
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| Posterior | mean situated in the back
Premature menopause
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| Prostate gland | lies under the bladder and surrounds the urethra in the region where the vas deference enter urethra. Secretes a think fluid into the semen that aids the motility of sperm
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| Pulse oximeter | use to continuously asses the patient's levels of oxygenation
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| Purpura | appearance of multiple purple discolorations on the skin caused by bleeding underneath the skin
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| Pyelonephritis | inflammation of both the renal pelvis and of the kidney
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| Pyloric sphincter | the ring
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| Pylorus | narrow passage that connects the stomach with the small intestine
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| Pyr/o | fever, fire
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| Regurgitation | the return of sallow food into the mouth
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| Rickettsia | small bacterium that live in lice, fleas, ticks and mites tat causes Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
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| rrhaphy | surgical suturing
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| Sigmoid colon | is the S
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| Spasmodic torticollis | also known as wryneck, is a stiff neck due to spasmodic contraction of the neck muscles that the head toward the affected side
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| Spina bifida | congenital defect that occurs during early pregnancy when the spinal canal fails to close completely around the spinal cord
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| Strawberry hemangioma | soft, raised dark
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| Stress incontinence | inability to control the voiding of urine under physical stress such as running, sneezing or laughing
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| Suffix | the word part attached at the beginning of a word
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| Suprapubic catheterization | placement of a catheter into the bladder through a small incision made through the abdominal wall just above the pubic bone
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| Tenodesis | the surgical suturing of the end of a tendon to bone
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| Thymosin | Play an important part in the immune system
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| Thyroid cartilage | largest cartilage protecting the larynx. Also know as the Adams Apple
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| Torsion | testicular torsion is a sharp pain in the scrotum caused by twisting of the vas deferens and blood vessels leading into the testicle
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| Toxoplasmosis | parasite that is commonly transmitted from animals to humans by contact with contaminated feces. Dangerous for pregnant women
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| Ureterectasis | enlargement of a ureter
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| Ureteroplasty | surgical repair of the ureter
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| Ventricular fibrillation | also known as V Fib, is the rapid irregular and useless contraction of the ventricles. May cause sudden cardiac death.
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| Visceral pleura | the inner layer of the pleura that surrounds each lung
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| Visual field testing | also known as perimetry
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| Western blot | blood test for HIV
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| Wheal | also known as a welt, is a small bump that itches
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| Yellow bone marrow | functions as a fat storage area, composed chiefly of fat cells and is located in the medullary cavity
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