Theories of Personality - Dispositional, Biological, Environmental, Behavioral
Help!
|
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| John Watson | Father of radical behaviorism
🗑
|
||||
| overt | directly observable [events]
🗑
|
||||
| covert | private, internal events
🗑
|
||||
| L - Data | life records
🗑
|
||||
| Q - Data | Questionaires
🗑
|
||||
| T - Data | Test Data
🗑
|
||||
| Cattell's "Source" Traits | Building blocks of personality; 16
🗑
|
||||
| Cardinal Trait (Allport) | ruling passion
🗑
|
||||
| Central Trait (Allport) | less pervasive than cardinal traits
🗑
|
||||
| Secondary/Narrow traits (Allport) | least pervasive, may be only displayed to close individuals
🗑
|
||||
| Factor Analysis (Cattell) | Statistical method with subjective naming
🗑
|
||||
| Eysenck's Trait Theory | hierarchy model; Types (composed of traits), Traits (composed of habitual responses)
🗑
|
||||
| Eysenck's Traits | PEN; Psychoticism, Extraversion/intraversion, Neurotic/stable
🗑
|
||||
| McCrae & Costa's Traits | OCEAN - Openess/closed, Conscientousness, Extraversion/intraversion, Agreeableness/antagonism, Neuroticism
🗑
|
||||
| Kretschmer studied: | relationship b/w physique & abnormal psychology
🗑
|
||||
| Sheldon studied: | relationship b/w physique & normal psychology
🗑
|
||||
| (Sheldon)Endomorphic/plump: | Viscoretonia; complacent, relaxed, loves physical pleasure
🗑
|
||||
| (Sheldon)Mesomorphic/muscular: | Somatotonia; risk taker, energetic, assertive
🗑
|
||||
| (Sheldon) Ectomorphic/frail | Cerebrotonia; self-conscious, apprehensive
🗑
|
||||
| Darwin's theory | Inidvidual variation, reproductive advantage
🗑
|
||||
| Evolutionary noise | variations that neither help nor hurt
🗑
|
||||
| Stabilizing Selection | the effect of having variability in a group
🗑
|
||||
| Gould | Evolutionary theory of sudden changes (as opposed to Darwin's gradual changes)
🗑
|
||||
| E. O. WIlson's theory | Social behaviors are performed because they increased reproductive success i.e. altruism
🗑
|
||||
| Inclusive fitness | Genes passed when ppl genetically related to us reproduce
🗑
|
||||
| Assortative Mating | Choose partners, as opposed to Darwin's random mating
🗑
|
||||
| Young Male Syndrome | Young males more competitive & aggressive at age when mate-competition is most fierce
🗑
|
||||
| Baker & Bellis | Sperm theory: Egg-seeker, Killer sperm & Blocker Sperm
🗑
|
||||
| SEA Temperament | Sociability, Emotionality, Activity Level
🗑
|
||||
| Gray | BIS / BAS system
🗑
|
||||
| BIS | Behavioral Inhibition System; attentive to cues of danger, negative consequences & controls negative emotions.
🗑
|
||||
| BAS | Behavioral Activiating System; seeks rewards, unconcerned w neg. consequences & controlls positive emotions.
🗑
|
||||
| low Serotonin correlated with: | High aggression
🗑
|
||||
| Diet low in Tryptophan | High aggression
🗑
|
||||
| B.F. Skinner was a: | Radical behaviorists
🗑
|
||||
| SRC / ABC | Stimulus-Response-Consequence ; Antecedent-Behavior-Consequence
🗑
|
||||
| Operant Conditioning | Skinnerian; Instrumental
🗑
|
||||
| Classical Conditioning | Pavlonian, associations US-UR, then CS-CR
🗑
|
||||
| Methodological Behavioral Approach | Controlled experimentation, Parsimonious, Nomothetic, present-focused
🗑
|
||||
| Parsimonious | few assumptions, stingy
🗑
|
||||
| Nomothetic | looking at population statements
🗑
|
||||
| Idiographic | looking at individual person instead of population
🗑
|
||||
| US | Unconditioned Stimuli
🗑
|
||||
| UR | Unconditioned Response
🗑
|
||||
| CS | Conditioned stimulus
🗑
|
||||
| CR | Conditioned Response
🗑
|
||||
| CS then US | forward conditioning
🗑
|
||||
| CS+US (simultaneously) | simultaneous conditioning
🗑
|
||||
| Rescorla & Wagner | Cue / Information Conditioning - reliable cue/signal causes condititoning
🗑
|
||||
| Stimulus generalization | Conditioning to stimuli will transfer to response to similar stimuli
🗑
|
||||
| Stimulus discrimination | Response to stimuli is exclusive
🗑
|
||||
| Neurotransmitters | Chemical messengers
🗑
|
||||
| FFM | Five-Factor Model by McCrae & Costa, uses NEO inventories as pricipal source of data
🗑
|
||||
| Tellegen & Waller | Positive & Negative Valence
🗑
|
||||
| DSM | APA's manual of mental disorders
🗑
|
||||
| Contingency | relationship b/w behavior & consequences
🗑
|
||||
| Ratio schedule | # of responses (fixed or varied)
🗑
|
||||
| Interval scedule | time period lapses (fixed or variable)
🗑
|
||||
| Shaping | reinforce approximations to the behavior desired
🗑
|
||||
| Garcia effect | biologically prepared for certain stimuli-associations
🗑
|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Created by:
1161565865
Popular Psychology sets