Exam 3
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| show | -Become exposed to antigens
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| show | -Antigen presenting cells
-Act as messengers between innate and adaptive immunity
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| show | -CD4
-Necessary for normal immune function
-Recognize foreign antigens
-Help activate antibody-producing B lymphocytes
-Orchestrate cell-mediated immunity
-Influence the phagocytic function of monocytes and macrophages
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| show | -CD8
-Kill cells infected with viruses
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| Hummoral Immune Response | show 🗑
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| show | -Memory Cells
-When an antigen comes back the body will remember it and can fight it off easier
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| Allergy to Latex | show 🗑
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| Types of Hypersensitivity Reactions | show 🗑
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| Histocompatibility Complex | show 🗑
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| Type I Hypersensitivity Reactions | show 🗑
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| Type II Hypersensitivity Reactions | show 🗑
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| Type III Hypersensitivity Reactions | show 🗑
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| show | -Cell-mediated immune response
-Basic types
-Direct cell-mediated cytoxicity
Hepatitis
-Delayed-type hypersensitivity
Allergic contact dermatitis
Hypersensitivity pneumonitis
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| HIV Transmission | show 🗑
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| show | -Involve common organisms that do not produce infection unless there is an impaired immune function, after the first serious illness and as the immune system fails, opportunistic illnesses become progressively more severe and difficult to treat
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| show | -Inflammation of the Nasal Muscosa
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| show | -Trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (TIIV)
Developed in the 1940s
Administered by injection
-Live, attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV)
Approved for use in 2003
Administered intranasally
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| TIIV | show 🗑
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| LAIV | show 🗑
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| show | -Caused by mycobacterium,
-Infects any organ, lungs most frequent
-Bovine or human strain
-Cough/Sneeze spread infected droplets
-Cell Mediated Immune Response
-Hematogenous Dissemination
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| Manifestations of Hypothyroidism | show 🗑
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| show | -Altered fat metabolism
-Muscle weakness
-Muscle wasting
-Purple striae
-Osteoporosis
-Derangements in glucose metabolism
-Hypokalemia
-Gastric acid secretion
-Hirsutism, mild acne, and menstrual irregularities
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| show | -Acute exaggerated manifestation of of thyrotoxicosis
-Happens when the tissues have been exposed to too much TH
-Most common cause - Grave's Disease
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| show | -Thyroid storm
-Restlessness, irritability, anxiety
-Wakefulness
-Increased cardiac output
-Tachycardia and palpitations
-Diarrhea, increased appetite
-Dyspnea
-Heat intolerance, increased sweating
-Thin and silky skin and hair
-Weight loss
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| Hyponatremia | show 🗑
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| Causes of Hypothyroidism | show 🗑
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| show | -Most common:Somatotrope adenoma
-Other causes:Excess secretion of GHRH by hypothalamic tumors, Ectopic GHRH secretion by nonendocrine tumors such as carcinoid tumors or small-cell lung cancers, Ectopic secretion of GH by nonendocrine tumors
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| Hypothalamic pituitary adrenal system | show 🗑
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| show | -Genetic
Atopy (allergic hypersensitivity not in direct contact with an allergen)
Early vs. late phase
-Environmental:Viruses,Allergens,
Occupational exposure
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| Factors contributing to an Asthma Attack | show 🗑
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| Asthma Severity | show 🗑
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| Parainfluenza Virus | show 🗑
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| Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia | show 🗑
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| show | -Barrel chest
-Tachycardia
-Shallow,rapid breathing
-Chest retractions
-Poor weight gain
-Coughing
-Clubbing of fingers
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| Rhinosinusitis | show 🗑
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| show | -Acute rhinosinusitis
May be of viral, bacterial, or mixed viral-bacterial origin
May last from 5 to 7 days up to 4 weeks
-Subacute rhinosinusitis
Lasts from 4 weeks to less than 12 weeks
-Chronic rhinosinusitis
Lasts beyond 12 weeks
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| Allergic Rhinosinusitis | show 🗑
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| Signs and Symptoms of AIDS | show 🗑
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| Prevention of AIDS | show 🗑
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| show | 1)Attachment of HIV to CD4+
2)Internalization&uncoating of virus w/ viral RNA and reverse transcriptase
3)Reverse transcription produces mirror image of viral RNA& double-stranded DNA
4)Integration of viral DNA into host DNA using the integrase enzyme
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| Life Cycle of HIV: Part 2 | show 🗑
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| show | 1)Primary infection phase
2)Chronic asymptomatic or latency phase
3)Overt AIDS phase
These happen over a period of 8 -12 years
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| show | -This may include fever,fatigue, myalgias,sore throat,night sweats,GIproblem,lymphadenopathy, and maculopapular rash&HA
-Increase in viral replication
-Symptoms appear 1-4 wks after exposure,last 7-10d
-Try to start Tx in this stage
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| show | -No signs or symptoms
-Lasts about 10 years
-Cell count falls from normal (800-1000) to 200
-Can develop lymphadenopathy
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| show | -CD4 cell count less than 200
-Without Tx can lead to death in 2-3 years
-Greater increase for opportunistic infection and death
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| CDC HIV/AIDS classification | show 🗑
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| Clinical Course of AIDS | show 🗑
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| show | -Opportunistic infections
-Malignant tumors
-Nervous system manifestations
-Wasting syndrome
-Metabolic disorders
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| show | -Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia
-CMV (cytomegalovirus)
-Oropharyngeal or esophageal candidiasis (thrush)
-Infections caused by MAC
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| show | -late stages
-AIDS Dementia Complex
-HAND cog w/motor dys or behav/psychosocial s
-HAD-impaired attention& concentration,slowing mental speed&agility,motor speed& apathetic behav
-Toxoplasmosis-fever,HA, neurologic dys,confusion&lethargy, visual
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| Diagnostic Tests | show 🗑
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| Criteria for HIV Intervention | show 🗑
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| Medications for HIV | show 🗑
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| show | -Inhibit HIV replication by acting on enzyme reverse transcriptase by blocking elongation of DNA chain by stopping more nucelotides from being added
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| show | -Bind to protease enzyme which prevents the cleavage of the polyprotein chain to individual proteins which would be used to construct new virus
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| show | -Prohibit HIV from entering or fusing with the CD4 cell thus blocking the virus from inserting its genetic information into the CD4T cell
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| Graves Disease | show 🗑
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| Atopic Dermatitis | show 🗑
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| show | -Only requires T lymphocytes
-Induced by:destruction of graft cells by CD8 and delayed hypersensitivity reactions triggered by CD4
-Types: Hyperacute, Acute, Chronic Host vs. Graft
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| Hyperacute Rejection | show 🗑
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| Acute Rejection | show 🗑
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| show | -Occurs over a prolonged period
-Manifests with dense intimal fibrosis of blood vessels of the transplanted organ
-The actual mechanism is unclear but may include release of cytokines that stimulate fibrosis.
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| Parainfluenza Virus | show 🗑
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| Squamous Cell Lung Carcinoma | show 🗑
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| Adenocarcinoma | show 🗑
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| show | -Small round, to oval cells
-Highly malignant
-Strongest association with cigarette smoking
-Infiltrate widely, disseminate early, rarely resectable
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| show | -Large polygonal cells
-Spread early in development
-Occur in periphery of lung
-Invade bronchi and larger airway
-Poor prognosis because of early spread
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