Diagnosis in CM
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| 2 Fundamental principles of diagnosis | show 🗑
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| Inspect the exterior to examine the interior | show 🗑
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| Inspect the exterior to examine the interior-2 | show 🗑
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| A part reflects the whole | show 🗑
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| Four methods of examination | show 🗑
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| show | 2 important principles regarding diagnosis by observation-Correspondence between and individual part and the whole & Observation of Constitutional traits
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| show | One of the principles on which diagnosis by observation is based is that each single, small part of the body reflects the whole. Important examples of this are the face, the tongue, the pulse, and the ear.
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| show | 1) A constitutional type indicates the tendency to certain disharmonies and it allows us to forecast, and prevent a possible pathological development.
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| Observation of constitutional traits-2 | show 🗑
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| Observation of constitutional traits-3 | show 🗑
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| show | Observation of constitutional type and tendency allows us to forecast the type of disharmony that such a patient might be subject to
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| Diagnosis by observation | show 🗑
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| show | In a general state it indicates a state of vitality; if this person is thriving, the person has "spirit". The "Simple Questions" says: If there is a spirit the person thrives, if there is no spirit the person dies.
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| show | The presence or absence of spirit can be observed in the complexion, the eyes, the state of mind and breathing
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| show | Complexion is healthy, muscles are firm, face color is clear, eyes have glitter and reveal inner vitality, the mind is clear, the breathing even
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| show | complexion is dull, muscles are withered, face color is dark, eyes move uncontrollably, show no inner vitality and are not clear, the mind is unclear and breathing is labored or shallow
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| Mento-emotional aspect | show 🗑
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| Strong- Spirit | show 🗑
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| show | enthusiastic, and mentally strong attitude
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| Body | show 🗑
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| Demeanor | show 🗑
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| show | Lack of movement or slow movements-yin, empty or cold patterns Movements such as tremors or convulsions always indicate the presence of interior wind of the liver. These could be convulsions of the whole body, or just tremors of an eyelid or cheek.
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| head and face | show 🗑
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| show | Observation of face color is an extremely important part of visual diagnosis. The face color reflects the state of Qi and Blood and is closely related to the condition of the mind.
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| Four attributes of a normal complexion | show 🗑
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| Pathological Colors of complexion | show 🗑
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| show | Green: green complexion with red eyes-liver fire, dark reddish-green complexion-stagnant liver Qi turning into heat
Blue: white bluish-cold or chronic pain
Black: in general-cold, pain, or KD disease, usually Kd Yin, blk & moist- cold, Blk & dried up-he
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| show | Moist color is a sign of good prognosis, while a dry color is a sign of poor prognosis
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| Eyes | show 🗑
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| eyes-2 | show 🗑
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| show | dull or clouded-mind disturbance, essences of 5 yin organs weakened
whole eye, red painful, swollen-invasion of wind heat, liver fire
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| show | flaring nostrils with high fever-extreme heat in lungs
nose slightly moist and shiny-good prognosis
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| show | ear lobes and prognosis: if they are shiny and slightly moist, the prognosis is good; if they are dry and withered, the prognosis is poor. The shape of the ear also helps to distinguish Full and empty patterns: a swollen ear indicates the presence of
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| show | a pathogenic factor, hence a full pattern. A thin ear indicates deficiency of Qi or Blood
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| show | The normal color of the lips should be paltered and rather moist and shiny.
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| show | pale lips-yang or blood deficiency, red & dry lips-heat in St&Sp, purple or bluish-blood stasis, mouth slightly open-empty pattern, breathing through mouth-lung Qi defic, green around mouth-liver blood stasis or Lv-Qi stagnation
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| teeth and gums | show 🗑
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| show | obs of the throat includes observation of the pharynx and tonsils. acute pain, redness, swelling of throat-invasion of wind heat, chronically sore and dry throat (not swollen or red)-Lu/Kd-yin deface w/ empty heat, erosion, red&swelling-toxic heat
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| Limbs | show 🗑
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| show | this is always due to painful obstruction syndrome (Bi)-especially deriving from Dampness. In chronic conditions, dampness develops into phlegm, which obstructs the joints and causes further swelling and bone deformities.
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| show | if the joints are also red and hot to the touch, this indicates retention of damp heat.
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| show | two types of edema-water edema, Qi edema
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| Water edema | show 🗑
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| Qi edema | show 🗑
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| show | This includes shaking, trembling or quivering of arms and legs or both. Ranges from pronounced shaking with wide amplitude to a quiver that is so fine and in amplitude that it is almost imperceptible. The cause is always LV wind & may be full or empty
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| Skin | show 🗑
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| Skin-2 | show 🗑
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| show | dry skin usually indicates deficiency of Lv-blood, whilst itchy skin is due to wind
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