Fall 2010
Help!
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| what numerical BCS system is used for beef cattle and horses | 1(emaciated) to 9 (very obese)
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| what numerical BCS scoring system is used for sheep | 1 to 5 assigned in half numbers
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| what numerical BCS scoring system is used for dairy | 1 to 5 assigned in fourths
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| describe a dairy cow with a locomotion score of 3 | moderately lame
arched back is evident while standing and walking
short strided gait
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| what is cross fostering in piglets | moving piglets into different litters to even out litter sizes and piglet sizes.
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| why is cross fostering done? | to increase survival rates and weaning weights
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| what is preconditioning in beef calves | preparing calves to enter a grazing/background program about 30-60 days before weaning
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| why is preconditioning done in beef cattle? | to promote healthy growth and reduce stress
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| describe a beef cow with a body condition score of 1 | severely thin
no fat cover on spinous processes
visible spaces between vertebra
severe muscle loss in shoulder, loin, and hind
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| describe a beef cow with a body condition score of 3 | thin
spinous processes visible but less sharp than a score of 2
less space between vertebra, more fat along entire backbone
no obvious fat cover in loin muscle, but more depth
ribs and tailhead still visible but with more cover
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| describe a beef cow with a BCS of 5 | average
ideal fat coverage over shoulder, loins and ribs
spinous processes can be palpated a little, smooth to touch
last two ribs visible
loin is filled
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| describe a beef cow with a BCS of 7 | fleshy
entire animal feels smooth
fat filling in briskit, loin, and tailhead
more fat over shoulder and fore ribs
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| describe a dairy cow with a locomotion score of 1 | Normal,Flat back Cow stands and walks with a level back.Gait is normal.
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| describe a dairy cow with a locomotion score of 2 | Mildly,Cow stands level backed,but develops an arched back to walk.
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| describe a dairy cow with a locomotion score of 4 | Lame,Arch back is always evident and gait is one deliberate step at a time.Cow favors one or more legs/feet
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| describe a dairy cow with a locomotion score of 5 | Severely 3-legged, Cow demonstrates an inability, or extreme reluctance to bear weight on
one or more limbs/feet
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| what is the flight zone? | the area around an animal or group where they dont feel comfortable having another being in. tend to move away from
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| what is the point of balance? | front/back of shoulder
left/right of head
used to push an animal in a certain direction
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| 3 strategies to improve animal movement through a facility? | use curved races for cattle
utilize tendency to move from dark to light areas
use solid sides to prevent outside visual distractions
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| what is the most likely cause of dystocia in beef cattle? | maternal/fetal disproportion
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| how can you minimize beef cattle dystocia | breeding heifers at an older age
breed heifers to sires known to have small offspring
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| what are 5 lamb management tasks | tagging- Identification
hoof trimming-prevent bacterial diseases
castration-done early to reduce stress on animal
tail docking-prevents fecal buildup
vaccinations-reduce stress and protect from young age
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| 3 steps of a breeding soundness exam | observe general health and structure
examine reproductive anatomy
check semen quality
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| what does the letter in a freeze brand mean? | the year the calf was born
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| 3 methods of temporary ID | ear tagging, neck chains, paint branding
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| 3 methods of permanent ID | freeze branding, tattooing, nose printing
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| why trim chicks beaks? | to prevent injury from pecking
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| what is ketosis? | a metabolic disorder that occurs in dairy cattle when energy demands (e.g. high milk production) exceed energy
intake and result in a negative energy balance. ketone production exceeds ketone utilization.
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| how do you diagnose ketosis? | with a urine test and keto strips. the greater the color change, the more ketone bodies
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| why are pics castrated? | to prevent 'boar taint' when meat is sold
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| why are pigs docked? | to prevent tail biting and infection
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| why are lambs docked? | to prevent fecal buildup and bacterial infection
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| what is all in/all out swine production? | moving all pigs in and out of a facility at the same time and washing the facilities in between groups to minimize the spread of disease
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| what is a primary sign of estrus in a cow? | the cow in heat is being ridden by other herd members
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| what is laminitis? | inflammation of the laminar tissue. can be caused by ruminal acidosis or the switching of feed too quickly
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| what is colostrum? | a mothers first milk
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| how can colostrum give immunity? | it passes on antibodies from the mother
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| post-partum interval | period from calving until the cow conceives
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| withdrawl time | amount of time between when a drug is administered and the slaughter of the animal for human consumption
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| retained placenta | retention of afterbirth longer than 12 hours. most common in dairy
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| parity | number of times a sow has farrowed
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| pullet | young hen
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| barrow | castrated male pig
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| steer | castrated male bovine
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| vertically integrated | one company owns all stages of production
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| heifer | female bovine that has not yet had a calf
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| free stall | defines resting area but don't hinder motion
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| rectal palpation | feeling by hand the reproductive organs via the rectum
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| baby pig anemia | Fe deficiency in piglets caused by low iron in milk
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| zone heating | localized heating of a small area within a larger room
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| farrowing | process of parturition in swine
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| why are implants used in cattle? | to get increased growth and feed utilization
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| hairy heel wart | digital dermatitis
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| antigen | stimulates antibody production when introduced
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| pour on | livestock dewormer that is absorbed through the skin rather than ingested
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| "milking" a rooster | collecting semen
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| why are injections given in the neck region | to avoid injection lesions in the cuts of meat
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| why are roosters trimmed before semen collection | so the feathers don't soak up the semen, ease of collection, avoid contamination
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| how do vaccines protect animals from disease? | triggers the body's response to a disease so that it can build up a resistance
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| what is the difference between a toxoid vaccine and an antitoxin vaccine? | toxoid vaccines are for long term protection while antitoxins are for short-term protection or medical emergancies
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