Integumentary Nursing from Lewis
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| show | thin superficial layer of skin (0.05 – 0.1 mm in thickness) protects
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| show | connective tissue below the epidermis (1-4 mm) Blood supply, blood pressure because the skin can vasodilate and decrease pressure
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| Subcutaneous tissue | show 🗑
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| show | develop from the epidermal layer and receive nutrients, electrolytes and fluids from the dermis
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| show | forms from keratin
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| Nails | show 🗑
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| Sebaceous glands | show 🗑
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| show | axillae, breast areola, umbilical and anogenital aread, ear canals and eyelids. Thick milky substance tat becomes odoriferous when altered by skin bacteria
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| show | transparent watery solution, cools body
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| show | protect the underlying tissues of the body by serving as a surface barrier to environment, barrier against invasion by bacteria and viruses, Barrier against excessive water loss, Insulation, and protection from trauma, Sensory perception, Heat regulation
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| Functions of the skin continued | show 🗑
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| Primary Skin Lesions | show 🗑
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| Macule | show 🗑
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| Papule | show 🗑
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| Vesicle | show 🗑
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| show | circumscribed, elevated superficial SOLID lesion, greater than 1 cm. eg psoriasis
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| show | firm, edematous, irregularly shaped area. Eg. Insect bite
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| show | elevated, superficial lesion filled with purulent fluid. Eg. acne
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| Secondary Skin Lesions | show 🗑
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| Fissure | show 🗑
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| show | excess, dead epidermal cells produced by abnormal keratinization and shedding. Eg. Scarlet fever, flaking of skin after drug reaction
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| Scar | show 🗑
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| Ulcer | show 🗑
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| show | depression in the skin resulting from thinning of the epidermis and dermis
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| Excoriation | show 🗑
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| show | ring shaped
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| show | spiral shaped
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| Iris lesions | show 🗑
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| Linear | show 🗑
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| show | coinlike
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| Polymorphous | show 🗑
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| show | marked by points or dots
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| show | snakelike
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| Asymmetric | show 🗑
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| Confluent | show 🗑
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| Diffuse | show 🗑
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| show | separate from other lesions
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| Generalized | show 🗑
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| show | cluster of lesions
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| show | limited area of involvement that are clearly defined
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| Satellite | show 🗑
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| Solitary | show 🗑
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| show | bilateral distribution
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| Zosteriform | show 🗑
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| Alopecia | show 🗑
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| show | tumor consisting of blood or lymph vessels
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| show | yellow discoloration of skin, no yellowing of sclera
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| Comedo | show 🗑
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| Cyanosis | show 🗑
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| show | sac containing fluid or semisolid material
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| show | large bruiselike lesion caused by collection of extravascular blood in dermis and subq. In dark skin deeper purple to brownish black, difficult to see.
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| Erythema | show 🗑
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| show | extravasation of blood of sufficient size to cause visible swelling
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| Hirsutism | show 🗑
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| show | congential or acquired loss of pigment resulting in white patchy areas
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| show | dermatitis of overlying surfaces of the skin
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| show | yellow discoloration of skin. In dark skin yellowish green color most apparent in sclera of eyes, palms of hands, soles of feet.
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| show | hypertrophied scar beyond wound margins
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| Lichenification | show 🗑
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| Mole | show 🗑
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| Petechiae | show 🗑
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| show | visibly dilated superficial cutaneous small blood vessels (spider veins)
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| show | failure of skin to return immediately to normal position after gentle pinching
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| show | increased prominence of superficial veins
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| show | punch, excisional, incisional, shave
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| Microscopic tests | show 🗑
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| show | long wave uv light (black light) - tinea shows as green
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| Patch test/allergy test | show 🗑
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| show | Asymmetry, Border irregularity, Color change/ variation – tan, brown, black, Diameter of 6 mm or more
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| show | Fair skin, hx of chronic skin exposure, family hx of skin cancer, exposure to tar and systemic arsenicals. Living near the equator, outdoor living, tanning smoking
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| Actinic Keratosis (solar keratosis) | show 🗑
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| Basal Cell Carcinoma | show 🗑
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| Squamous Cell Carcinoma | show 🗑
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| show | tumor arising in melanocytes which are the cells that produce melanin., metastisize to ANY organ. Most deadly skin cancer. Incidence increasing faster than others as well
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| Treatment of skin cancer | show 🗑
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| show | for suspected or known cancer. Pt under anesthesia, check right then to see if they got all the cancer. Removed in small slices, checked under microscope to see if there was still cancer, if so another slice. Repeat until the slide is clear.
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| Tx of Skin Cancer | show 🗑
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| Skin Infections and Infestations | show 🗑
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| show | bacteria on skin cause infection. Staph A. and group B strep are most responsible for skin infections.
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| Impetigo | show 🗑
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| Folliculitis | show 🗑
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| show | hair follicles infection, necrotic sacs requiring incision and drainage. Antibiotics
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| Cellulitis | show 🗑
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| show | virus can cause lesions. Antivirals for treatment
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| show | painful vesicles on the skin. (cold sore). Red, crusty, life long virus
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| show | Shingles (varicella) common in immunocompromised. Happens along dermatomes
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| Veruca Vulgaris | show 🗑
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| Plantar warts | show 🗑
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| Fungal skin infections | show 🗑
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| show | yeast infection, any warm moist area
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| show | ringworm, anywhere on body
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| Tinea Cruris | show 🗑
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| show | athlete’s foot
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| Infestations and Insect Bites | show 🗑
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| Rash | show 🗑
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| show |
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| show | hypersensitivity reaction, red papules and plaqued, usually puss producing, frequently takes shape of causative agent. TX- topical corticosteroids, antihistamines
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| show | (histamine response) spontaneously occurring elevation, varying sizes, multiple, very itchy, can go with dermatitis. Tx- removal of cause, antihistamines, cool compresses
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| show | rash as last as 14 days after cessastion of drug common on face and chest. Tx- dc drug, antihistamine, corticosteroids
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| show | pruritic, oozing, scaly discolored. Usually associated with autoimmune issues (associated with Asthma and allergic rhinitis in children) Tx lubrication of skin, corticosteroids
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| Common Benign Conditions of the Skin | show 🗑
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| show | noninflammatory lesions of skin. Tx- topicaly benzoyl peroxide, accutane
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| show | hyperpigmented areas of skin. Tx-non necessary
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| show | chronic dermatitis, silvery scales. Tx- reduce inflammation, corticosteroids, tars, UV light, immunosuppressants
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| Seborrhic Keratoses | show 🗑
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| show | small skin colored soft papules. Tx – none necessary
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| show | benign tumor of adipose tissue. Tx- none
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| Vitiligo | show 🗑
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| Lentigo | show 🗑
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| show | in light skin white or ashen. In dark skin underlying red tones are missing and they look ashen or grey.
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