NUR 171 Block 2 test 3 study
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| Polyuria | show 🗑
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| Polydipsia | show 🗑
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| Polyphagia | show 🗑
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| Polyuria in DM patho | show 🗑
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| Polydipsia in DM patho | show 🗑
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| Polyphagia in DM patho | show 🗑
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| show | Increases insulin production < risk for hypoglycemia Glimepiride (Amaryl) Glipizide (Glucotrol) Glipizide ER (Glucotrol XL) Glyburide
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| show | < liver glucose production and > Insulin sensitivity Glucophage (aka Metformin) Glucophage XR
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| Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitors | show 🗑
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| Thiazolidinediones | show 🗑
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| Meglitinides | show 🗑
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| Apidra (Insulin Glulisine) | show 🗑
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| show | Onset <15 minutes Peak 1-2 hours Duration 3-4 hours
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| show | Onset <15 minutes Peak 1-2 hours Duration 3-4 hours
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| show | Onset 1/2 - 1 hour Peak 2-3 hours Duration 3-6 hours
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| show | Onset 2-4 hours Peak 4-10 hours Duration 10-16 hours
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| Levemir (Insulin Detemir) | show 🗑
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| Lantus (Insulin Glargine) | show 🗑
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| show | Acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter present in neuromuscular junctions of skeletal muscles. Exhibits excitatory influence.
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| show | Pap (papanicolaou) test= microscopic study of exfoliated cells via special staining and fixation technique detects abnormal cells. Cells most commonly studied are those obtained directly from the endocervix and ectocervix.
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| show | Pap test, AKA smear, once every 3 years beginning 3 years after first sexual intercourse but no later than age 21.
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| show | herniation or protrusion of the urinary bladder through the wall of the vagina, resulting from weakened connective tissue support between the vagina and bladder.
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| Rectocele | show 🗑
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| show | prevention- kegels. Treatment- surgery or pessary
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| pessary | show 🗑
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| trigeminal neuralgia | show 🗑
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| primary nursing dx for trigeminal neuralgia? | show 🗑
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| show | women starting age 20. Checking for new breast changes. (nipple discharge, lump, hard knot, thickening of tissue, shape change, dimpling of skin, nipple changes.)
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| S/S Hypoglycemia | show 🗑
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| s/s hypocalcemia | show 🗑
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| Glucocorticoid | show 🗑
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| Why must glucocorticoids be tapered and weaned? | show 🗑
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| show | sodium channel blocker. Uses as anti-seizure, specifically treatment of tonic-clonic and partial seizures
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| Dilantin (phenytoin) Side effects | show 🗑
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| S/S hyperglycemia | show 🗑
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| Hyperglycemia treatment | show 🗑
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| Common risk factors for type 2 DM? | show 🗑
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| Meningitis | show 🗑
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| Bacterial meningitis | show 🗑
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| show | antibiotics, dexamethasone, supportive care, prevention of increased ICP.
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| show | Most common causes are enteroviruses, arboviruses, HIV, and herpes. S/S- Headache, Fever, Photophobia, stiff neck. Managed symptomatically as disease is self limiting and full recovery is expected.
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| show | PTH regulates Ca+ and Phos blood levels, promotes bone demineralization and increases intestinal absorption of Ca2+. Low Ca2+ blood levels cause the parathyroid gland to release PTH acting on bone, intestine, and kindneys to increase calcium levels.
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| Synthroid (levothyroxine) | show 🗑
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| S/S hypothyroidism | show 🗑
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| show | damage to blood vessels
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| Macrovascular complications of DM | show 🗑
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| Microvascular complications of DM | show 🗑
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| Will a person with hypothyroidism have to take medication for life? | show 🗑
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| show | DM, vascular disease, meds, surgery, trauma, chronic illness, decreased gonadal hormone secretion. Phychological= stress, relationship issues, depression, low self esteem.
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| Define ED | show 🗑
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| show | ED treatment is based on treating the cause. Also, Viagra, levitra, cialis, vacuum device, intraurethral medication, intracavernosal injections, penile implants, sexual counseling.
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| show | Thyroid ablation with medications, Radiation, Thyroidectomy, Adenoctomy of portion of the anterior pituitary to remove tumor.
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| What causes the bulging eyes in grave’s disease? | show 🗑
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| show | bulging eyes found commonly in Graves disease.
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| Graves disease | show 🗑
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| Function disrupted by damage to the basal nuclei of the brain? | show 🗑
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| show | Loss of right visual field in both eyes
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| Aphasia? | show 🗑
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| show | The inability to write or speak fluently or appropriately.
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| show | The inability to understand written or spoken language.
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| What causes seizures? | show 🗑
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| show | Hypoxia, inflammation, fever, hemorrhage in the brain, or traumatic injury to the brain
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| S/S Increased Intracranial Pressure | show 🗑
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| show | Vomitting
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| show | Decreasing level of consciousness
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| show | In a transient ischemic attack there is no cell death where there is cell death in a cerebrovascular accident
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| show | The body’s primary source of energy, 4 kilocalories per gram. Simple- monosaccharides (glucose, fructose), disaccharides (sucrose, maltose, and lactose) Complex- polysasacharides appear in the diet as starches, cereal grain, potatoes and legumes
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| Fat | show 🗑
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| Proteins | show 🗑
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| show | BS <70mg/dl, Give pt 15g simple sugar(4-6 oz of fruit juice or regular soft drink, glucose gels,Life savers, jelly, syrup, honey, regular soda, OJ), Then recheck BS in 15 minutes. If pt BS>70 then give meal or snack to eat.
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| How often is a mammogram recommended? At what age does it start? | show 🗑
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| What time of the day are thyroid supplements most commonly prescribed? Why? | show 🗑
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| Therapeutic Dilantin level | show 🗑
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| show | body’s own T cells attack and destroy pancreatic beta cells, which are the source of the body’s insulin. Autoantibodies to the islet cells cause a reduction of 80%-90% of normal B cell function before hyperglycemia and other manifestations occur.
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| Patho of DM type 2 | show 🗑
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| show | Thrombotic stroke, Embolic Stroke, Hemorrhagic stroke
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| show | injury to a blood vessel wall and formation of a blood clot. The lumen fo the blood vessel becomes narrowed and, if it becomes occluded, infarction occurs. (most common)
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| show | Embolus lodges in and occludes a cerebral artery, resulting in infarction and edema of the area supplied by the involved vessel. (2nd most common)
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| show | A rupture of a vessel bleeding into the brain tissue itself or into the subarachnoid space or ventricles.
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| MRI | show 🗑
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| CT | show 🗑
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| show | Circulating insulin insufficient so glucose cannot be used for energy, body breaks down fat for fuel. Ketones- acidic by-products of fat metabolism causing serious problems when they build up. Ketosis alters pH balance, causing metabolic acidosis.
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| show | rapid occurrence of severe neurologic effects
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| Hemorrhagic stroke S/S | show 🗑
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| Ischemic Stroke S/S | show 🗑
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| Risk factors for stroke | show 🗑
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| Explain risk factors for breast cancer | show 🗑
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| show | 8.5-10.5
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| show | Goals for care during the acute phase are preserving life, preventing further brain damage, and reducing disability. Treatment differs according to the type of stroke and changes as the patient progresses from the acute to rehab phase.
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| show | Focuses on maximizing the patients capabilities and resources to promote optimal functioning related to physical, mental, and social well being.
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| Menorrhagia | show 🗑
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| show | Abdominal cramping pain or discomfort associated with menstrual flow. Treatment- Heat, exercise, and drug therapy
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| Bacterial STD’s treatment | show 🗑
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| show | Antiviral agents which inhibit herpetic viral replication. They are not a cure but shorten the duration of viral shedding and the healing time of genital lesions & reduce outbreaks.
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| show | removal of symptomatic warts by chemical or ablative methods.
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| show | Glycoprotein produced by prostate. Elevated levels (normal level 0-4ng/ml) =indicate prostatic pathology, possibly prostate cancer. Mild elevations occur w/ aging, BPH, recent ejaculation, drugs, acute or chronic prostatitis or after long bike rides.
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| show | Faithfully take medications to avoid a seizure, have medical follow up to make sure that drug levels are therapeutic and make necessary lifestyle changes. Avoid excessive alcohol intake, fatigue, and loss of sleep.
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| The patho of a-fib that would render a person at risk for a stroke | show 🗑
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| Atrial fibrillation (A-Fib) | show 🗑
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| show | Dilantin
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| show | Tetany-neuromuscular hyper-excitablilty due to low calcium levels (can occur with thyroid or parathyroid surgery). Assess pt for hypocalcemia. Treatment- calcium gluconate. Monitor Ca+, Phos, K, mag levels. Assess Chvostek and Trousseaus sign.
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| S/S of Stroke | show 🗑
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| show | 2 different viruses. HSV1 usually causes infection above the waist. HSV2 usually causes infection below the waist. Both are treated with anti-virals.
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| show | Once a month, same day each month, during shower, use both hands, cover entire surface, Identify structures, Feel for changes (lumps, irregularities, pain or a dragging sensation). Notify PCP of changes.
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| S/S of Testicular cancer | show 🗑
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| show | Micro vascular complications cause thickened vessel membranes. Pt’s w/ DM are at increased risk for glaucoma and cataracts. The micro vascular damage can occur to the retina leading to some degree of retinopathy.
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| Non proliferative Retinopathy | show 🗑
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| show | most severe, involves both the retina and vitreous, Capillaries become occluded so body produces new blood vessels which are fragile and break. pt sees black or red spots or lines, can cause partial or complete retina detachment.
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| show | Disease is chronic, progressive, degenerative, and has exacerbations and remission. Plaques develop on the myelin sheaths.
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| show | symptom relief, controlled by drugs including ACTH, methylprednisolone and prednisone to help treat the exacerbations by relieving the edema and inflammation at the site of demyelination. Nutritional therapy for proper diet.
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| show | Disease is characterized by fluctuating weakness of certain skeletal muscles.
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| show | follow med regimen, possible drug reactions, plan ADL’s to avoid fatigue, community resources, possible complications, therapy, MG support group, Schedule meds so that peak is at mealtime to make eating less difficult
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| show | vaginal hysterectomy used for repair and removal of uterus. The TAH is done to remove large tumors, tubes and ovaries. The vaginal hysterectomy has better recovery. The TAH is more complicated and presents postoperative problems with incision in abd.
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| show | Chvostek - contraction of the facial muscle in response to tap over the facial nerve in from of the ear. Trousseau’s sign- a b/p cuff is inflated on arm to above the systolic pressure, within 3 minutes pt will experience a carpal spasm.
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| Describe pathophysiology of Cushing’s syndrome. | show 🗑
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| show | Impaired Glucose Tolerance (borderline diabetes), blood glucose levels above normal but not enough for DX of DM. dx=fasting blood glucose level is >100 but <126 mg/dl. Random plasma glucose measurement or OGTT of >140 but <200 can also be done.
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| Pathophysiology of Parkinson’s Disease that would reflect the cogwheel rigidity. | show 🗑
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| show | 70-100 <100mg/dl
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| show | 70-120 mg/dl But new info showing <100
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| Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (GTT) | show 🗑
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| Impaired Glucose tolerance (IGT) DX levels | show 🗑
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| show | FBG: >126 Random: >200 Oral GTT: >200
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| show | Paralyed left side: hemiplegia, Left-sided neglect, Spatial-perception deficits, Tends to deny or minimize problems, Rapid performance, short attention span, Impulsive, safety problems,Impaired judgment, Impaired time concepts
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| show | • Slowing body processes, Fatigue and lethargic, personality and mental changes (including impaired memory, slowed speech, decreased initiative and somnolence), appear depressed, Sleep a lot, Anemia, Bruise easily, Constipation, Cold intolerance
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| What hormone is released in the time of low BG? | show 🗑
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| Describe function of insulin in the body | show 🗑
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| show | Feelings, sense, sensations, smell, taste.
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| show | Prostatic Specific Antigen. Used to detect prostate cancer.
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| Triad of Diabetic care | show 🗑
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| Why is foot care so important in DM patients | show 🗑
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| Why is the gonorrhea pt at risk for PID | show 🗑
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| How is herpes spread | show 🗑
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| show | Early s/s are vague and often dismissed. There are no reliable screening tests and only bimanual pelvic exam can be used to identify an ovarian mass.
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| Why is a person with PID at risk for infertility? | show 🗑
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