68WM6-A&P 4
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| show | assimilation
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| the movement of nutrients into the circulatory system | show 🗑
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| show | bolus
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| show | chyme
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| the mechanical and chemical breakdown of foods, the absorption of nutrients by cells | show 🗑
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| show | defecation
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| show | ingestion
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| show | mechanical digestion
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| show | chemical digestion
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| show | mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus
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| show | salivary glands, teeth, tongue, liver, gallbladder, pancreas
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| show | mucosa, submucosa, muscular, serous
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| show | mucosal layer
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| this part of the alimentary canal is made of tough, abrasion resistant, stratified epithelium | show 🗑
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| show | submucosal layer
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| show | muscular
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| show | serous layer
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| show | mouth
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| this structure is mostly muscle, it moves food to the back of the oral cavity | show 🗑
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| this structure forms the roof of the mouth and closes the nasal cavity and pharynx during swallowing | show 🗑
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| show | uvula
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| show | teeth
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| show | salivary glands
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| show | parotids
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| show | submandibular
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| these glands are the smallest salivary glands, are located under the tongue, and secrete mostly mucous (mucous cells) | show 🗑
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| this structure connects the nasal and oral cavities with the esophagus | show 🗑
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| show | nasopharynx
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| this area of the pharynx is behind the mouth and provides a passage for both food and air | show 🗑
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| this area of the pharynx is the passageway from the oropharynx to the esophagus | show 🗑
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| show | esophagus
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| this organ is a pouch under the diaphragm, it can hold up to one liter of food, and it is where protein breakdown begins, food that leaves here is called chyme | show 🗑
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| this part of the stomach is the temporary storage area | show 🗑
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| this is the term for the main part of the stomach | show 🗑
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| this part of the stomach ends with the pyloric sphincter, which connects the stomach to the duodenum | show 🗑
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| the general term for hydrochloric acid and enzymes that function in the digestive proces, found in the stomach | show 🗑
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| show | goblet cells
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| these cells secrete pepsinogen, which combines with hydrochloric acid to produce pepsin, which functions in the breakdown of proteins | show 🗑
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| these cells of the stomach secrete hydrochloric acid | show 🗑
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| show | pancreatic juice
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| show | pancreatic juice
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| show | insulin
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| this connects the pancreas to the duodenum | show 🗑
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| show | sodium bicarbonate
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| show | liver
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| this secretion of the liver aids in the absorbtion of lipids, is stored in the gallbladder, and makes possible the absorbtion of cholesterol, fatty acids, and the fat soluble proteins | show 🗑
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| this accessory organ of the digestive system stores bile | show 🗑
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| show | small intestine
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| this part of the small intestine is the shortest and most fixed; it contains the common bile duct and pancreatic duct | show 🗑
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| show | jejunum
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| show | ileum
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| these structures of the small intestine increase the surface area available for digestion and absorbtion, each contains a capillary, a lacteal, and a nerve fiber | show 🗑
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| show | large intestine
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| this portion of the large intestine is the pouch below the ileocecal opening; the appendix branches off this area | show 🗑
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| show | no
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| this portion of the large intestine goes from the cecum upward towards the transvers colon | show 🗑
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| this portion of the large intestine connects the ascending colon to the descending colon | show 🗑
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| show | descending colon
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| show | sigmoid colon
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| show | rectum
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| show | anal canal
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| the opening of the anal canal; protected by 2 sphincters | show 🗑
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| pH of less than 7.0 | show 🗑
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| negatively charged ion | show 🗑
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| pH of greater than 7.0 | show 🗑
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| accepts and relinquishes H+ ions to minimized pH fluctuation | show 🗑
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| positively charged ion | show 🗑
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| substance that dissolves in solution and conducts electrical current | show 🗑
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| show | oxidation
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| the scale of free H+ ions in a solution | show 🗑
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| show | reduction
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| what is the role of electrolytes in human physiology | show 🗑
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| show | 7.35 to 7.45
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| pH range compatible with life | show 🗑
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| an increase of free H+ ions in a solution would _______ the pH | show 🗑
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| show | increase
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| what are the byproducts of aerobic metabolism | show 🗑
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| what is the byproduct of anaerobic metabolism | show 🗑
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| show | kidneys
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| show | bicarbonate buffer, phosphate buffer, protein buffer
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| this buffer is the most important in regulating the pH balance of the body, and works in both intracellular and extracellular fliuds | show 🗑
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| this buffer takes place primarily in the kidney, and works only on intracellular fluid | show 🗑
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| show | protein buffer
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| pH imbalance caused by a rise in CO2 levels in the blood | show 🗑
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| pH imbalance caused by abnormally low levels of CO2 in the blood | show 🗑
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| show | metabolic alkalosis
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| low blood pH caused by a factor other than CO2 levels | show 🗑
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| show | respiratory, renal
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| show | renal regulation
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| show | respiratory regulation
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| show | acidosis
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| show | alkalosis
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| show | respiratory alkalosis
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| acidosis along with a PaCO2 of greater than 45 on an ABG would be considered | show 🗑
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| acidosis with an HCO3 level of less than 22 would be considered | show 🗑
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| alkalosis with an HCO3 level of greater than 26 would be considered | show 🗑
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| show | 35-45
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| show | 22-26
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| show | 95-100
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| microscopic air sac within the lung where gas exchange takes place | show 🗑
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| show | apnea
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| show | bronchial tree
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| show | bronchus
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| a small branch of a bronchus within the lung | show 🗑
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| the utilization of oxygen by the cells to produce energy, carbon dioxide, and water | show 🗑
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| show | cricoid cartilage
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| show | dyspnea
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| normal, quiet breathing | show 🗑
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| show | external respiration
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| show | hyperventilation
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| show | hypoventilation
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| show | hypoxemia
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| show | hypoxia
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| hypoxia because of diminished blood flow | show 🗑
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| show | anemic
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| exchange of gases between the blood and tissues | show 🗑
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| show | pulmonary ventilation
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| the entire process of exchanging gases between the atmosphere and the body cells | show 🗑
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| show | respiratory cycle
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| the force that adheres moist membranes due to the attraction of water molecules | show 🗑
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| show | tachypnea
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| show | nose, nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, larynx, pharynx
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| structures of the lower respiratory tract | show 🗑
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| show | diaphragm
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| show | pectoralis minor, sternocleomastoid, intercostals
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| show | active, passive
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| the folume of air that is inspired or expired during a normal respiratory cycle | show 🗑
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| show | inspiratory reserve volume
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| show | expiratory reserve volume
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| the amount of air that remains in the lungs after maximum forced expiration | show 🗑
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| the maximum amount of air a person can exhale after taking the deepest breath possible | show 🗑
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| vital capacity + residual volume | show 🗑
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| generally speaking, is breathing a voluntary or involuntary act? | show 🗑
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| show | fear, anxiety, pain
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| the urge to breathe is stimulated by rising levels of this gas in the blood | show 🗑
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| show | medulla oblongata
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| this structure of the prainstem is responsible for the rate of breathing | show 🗑
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| this reflex regulates the depth of breathing | show 🗑
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| other than CO2, blood levels of these chemicals can also affect respiration rate | show 🗑
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| the portion of pressure exerted by each gas in a mixture | show 🗑
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| show | 97
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| show | 3
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| higher concentrations of CO2 in the blood cause more or less O2 to be released from the hemoglobin? | show 🗑
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| lower blood pH causes more or less O2 to be relased from the hemoglobin | show 🗑
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| higher body temperature causes more or less O2 to be released from the hemoglobin | show 🗑
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| what form is most CO2 in the blood transported in | show 🗑
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