Test 2
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| When filtration is increased, what must happen to the technical factors to maintain the same density | They must be increased
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| The half-value layer is typically expressed in |
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| What is the most common filter material used | tungsten
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| Patient’s absorb x-ray photons | primary
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| Problems of unequal subject density can be solved by using | filters
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| The thickest portion of the wedge filter is placed over | cathode
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| Define total filtration | Inherent plus added
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| Collimation devices are considered part of the filtration | added
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| Most of the inherent filtration of a typical x-ray equipment comes from the | tube
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| How does filtration affect patient dose | decreases
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| By inserting absorbing materials into the primary beam (filtration),undesirable is eliminated | Low energy
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| Can filtration remove a portion of the useful beam | yes
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| Filtration outside of the tube and housing is considered to be | added
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| Filtration is typically added between the and | tube and pt
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| Describe inherent filtration | Anything in the tube, makes up 1.5
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| What is a compound filter | 2 or more materials added together. Highest atomic # closest to the tube and the lowest closest to the pt
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| Even when filtration is increased, the percentage of attenuated photons |
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| as photon energy ___ | Decreased
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| Half-value layer affects patient | dose
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| Define a half-value layer | Amount of filtration needed to reduce the beam ½ original value
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| Inherent filtration of a mammographic unit is than that of a regular diagnostic unit | Less
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| As the tube ages, the anode begins to pit and the glass envelope may gain a mild coating of vaporized metal. This causes a in inherent filtration | increased
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| What does filtration permit the radiographer to do to the photon emission spectrum | Remove low energy electrons and harden the beam
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| If the half-value layer of diagnostic radiographic equipment is too low, it may be corrected by | decrease filtration
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| When x-raying a thoracic spine, what compensating filter is most commonly used | wedge
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| filtration occurs as the primary beam passes through the glass window of the x-ray tube | Inherent
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| Al/Eq filter thickness would result in the lowest entrance skin dose to a patient | 3.0
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| How many half-value layers must be added to the primary beam to reduce its intensity to less than 20% of its original value | 3
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| What is the predominant interaction through most of the diagnostic x-ray range in the human body | compton
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| interactions with matter results in a radiograph with a long scale of contrast | compton
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| What is an annihilation reaction | Negatron is absorbed by another atom. Positron is crazy and comes to rest with another – electron. When they combine they make 2 new protons in diff directions
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| What is radiation fog | Any unwanted density form compton
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| At what energy level do electrons posses the highest total energy | K-shell
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| Scatter is when |
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| During photoelectric absorption, the ejected electron is called | photoelectron
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| What is attenuation | Loss of energy as beam passes through matter
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| Compton scattering occurs when an incident x-ray photon interacts with a |
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| electron | Outer shell
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| Secondary radiation energies are highest when using during fluoroscopic examinations | No skirt
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| What is a photoelectron | Ejected inner shell electron
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| A scattered photon possesses as the incident photon during coherent scattering |
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| The photon that exits the atom after a Compton scattering is called | Recoil electron
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| During the process of attenuation, the x-ray photon may interact with |
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| What happens if a photon interacts with matter and scatters |
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| What shell electron is ejected during photoelectric absorption | k
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| Some x-ray photons may pass through matter and not with that matter | interact
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| What happens to the x-ray photons in the beam during the process of attenuation | Some are absorbed and the others are scattered
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| Elements with Z numbers have inner shell electrons more tightly bound to the nucleus | high
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| What is Photoelectric Absorption | X-ray photon interaction with an inner shell electron
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| What happens as the angle of deflection is increased from 0 to 180 degrees |
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| As the angle increases the speed of the deflected e increases |
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| has a significant impact on the x-ray image | scatter
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| Photoelectric interaction with matter results in a radiograph with scale |
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| of contrast | High scale (extremities)
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| During the photoelectric interaction, as an electron transfers from an outer shell to a vacant inner shell, energy is released in the form of | photoelectron
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| What is the electron dislodged during Compton scattering called | recoil
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| An interaction which occurs between very low energy x-ray photons and matter is called | coherent
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| During Compton scattering, the incident photon energy is divided between the | ejected and the scattered
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| As the electrons shells move further from the nucleus, total electro energies |
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| and binding energies | increase, decrease
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| During Compton scattering, the incident photon energy is divided between what | Ejected electron and the scatter photon
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| What happens during pair production | Energy from the x-ray photon is converted to matter in the form of 2 electrons
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| What is photon absorption |
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| Energy released during the filling of the inner shell during photoelectric interaction is known as |
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| During photoelectric interaction, the incident x-ray photon must be than the binding energy of the inner-shell electron | greater
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| What happens during coherent scattering | Photons get excited and released energy into another photon with the same wavelength and frequency.
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| What is backscatter | Photon goes back in the direction it came from
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| What is the negatively charged electron termed during pair production | negatron
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| What happens as kVp increases, the total number of photons transmitted without interaction does what | increase
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| A photoelectric interaction is more likely to occur when the x-ray photon energy is slightly than the binding energy of the electrons | greater
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| A photoelectric interaction is more likely to occur with an electron which is bound in its orbit | loosely
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| As kVp , the percentage of Compton interactions | increase, increase
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| Photodisintegration is relevant in diagnostic imaging ranges. | NA
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