Pharmacology Final Review 2011
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| Normal PTT values | show 🗑
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| show | Heparin levels
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| what do you do if PTT shows Heparin OD | show 🗑
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| show | watch for bleeding (urine, IV site, GI, mucous membranes)
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| Normal value fot PT | show 🗑
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| show | warfarin (Coumadin) levels
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| what do you do for a warfarin (Coumadin) over dose | show 🗑
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| show | warfarin (Coumadin) levels of 36 to 72 hours prior to testing
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| show | with OUT warfarin 2-3 with an average of 2.5. WITH warfarin 2.5-3.5 with an average of 3.
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| Antiplatelet Action | show 🗑
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| What will antiplatelet med's NOT do? | show 🗑
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| what are symptoms of antiplatelet OD? | show 🗑
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| ASA (asprin) AE? | show 🗑
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| show | 81 mg/day
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| show | SQ only, rotate site and never closer than 2" from umbilicus; NEVER take with heparin, no lab test needed; use an electric razor and soft toothbrush; Avoid foods high in vit K (broccoli, brussels sprouts, collard & mustard greens, kale, lettuce, tomatoes)
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| show | onset 3-5 hours, duration 12 hours
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| show | upper outer area of arms and thighs, the SQ fatty areas across the abdomen and between the iliac crests. Avoiding within 2" of umbilicus, open woulds, scars, open or abraded areas, incisions, drainage tubes, stomas or areas of brusing or oozing.
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| show | with 8 oz of water and food
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| hematopoietic drugs are? | show 🗑
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| action of hematopoietic drugs? | show 🗑
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| show | stimulates RED blood cells; indication = chemo induced leukopenia
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| hematopoietic agent: fligrastim (Neupogen) | show 🗑
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| hematopoietic agent: oprelvekin (Neumega) | show 🗑
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| hematopoietic agent: sargramostim (Leukine) | show 🗑
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| show | Hypertension (epoetin), stroke, heartattack, edema, anorexia, N,V, D, alopecia, rash, cough, dyspena, sore throat, fever, blood dyscrasias, headache, bone pain
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| Hematopoietic agent: pegfilgrastim (Neulasta) | show 🗑
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| Antilipemic Med: Niacin (vitamin B3) Indication | show 🗑
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| show | flushing, pruritus, hyperpigmentaion, GI distress, glucose intolo=erance, hyperuricemia, hepotoxicity, abdominal discomfort
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| show | can take a small dose of ASA or NSAID to minimize cutaneous flushing; take with food starting with low initial dose and gradually increasing
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| show | Headache, dizziness, hepatotoxicity, blurred vision, myopathy, Rhabdomylysis
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| Antihistamines patient teaching | show 🗑
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| Antihistamines indications | show 🗑
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| Antihistamines when to notify HCP | show 🗑
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| Antibiotics: notify HCP if | show 🗑
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| show | notify HCP; discontinue and take antihistamine; IF SEVER 911
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| show | MRSA infection, strptococcal, staphylococcal, and other gram positives; C. diff. ORAL - as it is poorly asorbed in GI tract it is used for local eggect on the surface of the GI tract. A BIG BOY
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| show | not in a specific class as it is not structurally related to any other commercially avaiable antibiotic - binds to cell wall, with immediate inhibition of cell wall and death
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| show | toxicity can lead to ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity. More common: RED MAN SYNDROME (which slowing down infusion will usually relieve) and hypotention (also caused by to fast infution)
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| Kanamycin (an aminoglycoside) Indication | show 🗑
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| show | ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity, muscle paralysis (with high parental dose), hypersensitivity. Note: Ototoxicity - lease to high frequency hearing loss
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| show | asses 8th cranial nerve prior to administration and throughout therapy potential for high frequency hearing loss); monitor for vertigo, ataxis, N, V, tinnitus, monitor BUN, ALT/AST/APT, bilirubin, creatinine, & LDH concentrations. Keep pt well hydrated.
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| Aminoglycosides | show 🗑
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| Important to know about aminoglycosides | show 🗑
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| how often should serum creatinine levels be measured when taking an aminoglycoside? | show 🗑
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| show | just before next dose, and normally monitored initially they every 5 to 7 days until drug therapy discontinued
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| interactions with aminoglycosides | show 🗑
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| show | one hour after IM and 30 minutes after IV
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| AE for anesthetics | show 🗑
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| show | genetically linked; rapid elevating temperature, tachycardia, tachepenea, sweating, muscular ridgity
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| show | can predispose to complications (ex. liver failure)
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| show | Narcan - for OD administer every 2-3 minutes, IV
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| show | raised of lowered BP, dysrhythmias, pulmonary edema, withdrawl
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| appropriate analgesic for moderate to sever pain | show 🗑
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| appropriate analgesic for mild to moderate pain and fever | show 🗑
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| antidote for tylenol OD | show 🗑
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| what does acetylcysteine do | show 🗑
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| show | NSAIDS first, Corticosteriods, then MDARDS
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| appropriate pain medication for osteoarthritis | show 🗑
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| show | Cytotec (an NSAID)
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| maximum daily dose of Tylenol | show 🗑
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| Tylenol toxicity leads to | show 🗑
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| IV only form of acetylcysteine | show 🗑
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| show | (fight or flight) B=Dialation; elevated contractility of the heart, elevated HR, bronchial GI and uterin smooth muscle relaxation, glycogenolysis, cardiac stimulation, vasodialation, and elevated rennin secreations
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| show | urinary retntion (non obstructive, postoperative or postpartum) and tumors
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| phentolamine (Regitine) route of administration and cautions | show 🗑
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| phentolamine (Regitine) (an alpha blocker) indications | show 🗑
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| show | MI and CAD
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| show | tachycardia, dizziness, GI upset, nose bleeds
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| show | to treat AE of these drugs such as bladder dysfunction, GI atony, Heartburn,
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| Urecholine AE | show 🗑
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| Anticholenergic action | show 🗑
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| Indications for Anticholenergics | show 🗑
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| Atropine Indications | show 🗑
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| show | an antimigraine drug; not preventative, for acute only. also for headaches with auras; causes vasoconstriction cerebral arteries
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| show | local irritation at injection site, tingling, flushing, head and cheast congestion
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| Triptan contraindication | show 🗑
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| Adminstration of sleep aids | show 🗑
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| Patient teaching for sleep aids | show 🗑
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| show | diazipam (Valium), lorazepam (Ativan), phenytoin (Dilantin)
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| show | phenobarbital is used to intentionally overdose into coma inorder to get control of status epilepticus
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| show | dyskinesia, syncope, dizziness, insomnia, N, GI upset, urine discoloration, ataxia, C, depression, visual changes, leg edema, fatigue, drowsiness, viral infection, hallucinations,
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| show | SQ - 3-5 minutes apart call 911 if first one not effective; topical - ointments, spray, pathc; PO BDI or TID (first pass effect) not for emergencies) IV
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| Digoxin theraputic level | show 🗑
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| S/S of Digoxin toxicity | show 🗑
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| show | Digibind
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| normal dose for Digoxin | show 🗑
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| show | green and yellow hallos; metalic taste in mouth
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| show | when apical pulse is lower than 60
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| show | cardiac pacemaker, hypokalemia, hypercalcemia,, atrioventricular block, dysrhytmias, hypothyroidism, respiratory disease, renal disease, advanced age, ventricular fibrillation
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| Digoxin interations | show 🗑
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| show | inotropic: strengthen cardiac muscle; slow contractility of heart; increase action or parasympathtic effects (slow heart rate)
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| Digoxin indications | show 🗑
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| show | Heart block, uncompensated HF (heart not trying to contract)
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| Lidocaine Indications | show 🗑
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| show | IV only due to first pass effect; metabolized by the liver
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| show | twitching, convultions, respiratory arrest or depression, metalic taste, confusion, braydicardia, hypotention
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| show | MUST be on a cardiac monitor
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| show | prevents Na and H2O reabsorption by initiating aldosterone secretion; cause diureses
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| ACE Inhibitors Indications | show 🗑
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| show | 1st dose hypotention, dry cough, hyperkalemia, renal failure, fetal injury,
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| ACE Inhibitors Interactions | show 🗑
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| show | blocks inward flow of Ca into calcium channels; relaxes smooth muscle/vasodialation/elevated BP; blocks Ca into cell
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| Calcium channel blocker indications | show 🗑
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| show | orthostatic hypotention, bradycardia
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| Beta Blockers AE | show 🗑
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| Beta Blockers contraindications | show 🗑
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| show | idiopathic hypercalcuria, DI, HTN, HF (adjunct), hepatic cirrhois
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| show | dose related above 25 mg - electrolyte imbalances (hypokalemia, hypercalcemia, elevated lipids, elevated glucose, elevated uric acid)
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| Thiazides diuretic action | show 🗑
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| show | photosensativity, dizziness, headache, blured vision, paresthesia, decreased libido, anorexia
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| Thiazide contraindication | show 🗑
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| show | ACE Inhibitors = hyperkalemia; K suplements = hyperkalemia; lithium = increase lithium toxicity; NSAID's = reduced diuretic response; blocks aldestrone
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| Spironolactone (Aldactone) class | show 🗑
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| Action of loop diuretics | show 🗑
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| show | PO (30-60 min), IV (15 min), IM
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| show | a catheter due to rapid onset
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| Loop diuretic AE and interactions | show 🗑
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| show | electrolyte imbalances
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| show | loop diuretic
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| Onset of spionolactone | show 🗑
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| Tyroid replacement therapy action | show 🗑
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| AE of thyroid replacement therapy | show 🗑
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| Corticosteroids action | show 🗑
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| Corticosteroids indicaiton | show 🗑
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| show | cataracts, glaucoma, DM(elevates blood glucose), PUD(peptic ulcer disease), mental health problems
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| show | diuretics that causes hypokalemia; ASA = increase GI problems; DM = hypoglycemia.
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| DM2 pathophysiology | show 🗑
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| show | take 15 minutes prior to meals
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| show | 30-60 minutes before meals
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| Long acting insulin - glargine (Lantus) administration | show 🗑
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| show | TID with first bite of meal
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| show | with meals BID
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| show | once daily
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| Meglitinde administration | show 🗑
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| show | don't change brands as there are some differences; some brands are not the same as generic vs trade
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| show | irreversibly bind to proton pump; blocks all gastric acid
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| show | Cytotec
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| Bone Marrow Suppression - values | show 🗑
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| how to treat bone marrow suppresion induced by chemo | show 🗑
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| show | created new each year; two type A and 1 type B strains; based on what is most likely to circulate in US; preservative is egg; made up of grown viruses that are inactive; helps with herd immunity
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| antidepressant therapy AE | show 🗑
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| Achieving therapeutic outcomes with antidepressant therapy is | show 🗑
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| Hamilton Rating Scale is used for | show 🗑
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| show | hamilton Rating Scale and Symptoms check list 90
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| Antipsychotics AE | show 🗑
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| what is neuroleptic malignant syndrome | show 🗑
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| show | parkinsons
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| what is tardivd dyskinesia | show 🗑
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| show | painful muscle spasms
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| buspirone (Buspar), and antianxiety agent, action | show 🗑
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| show | onset 2 - 3 weeks; PO; a scheduled medication not a PRN; and anxiolytic drug; no sedative or dependancy; no contrainindications except allergy
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| buspirone (Buspar) interactions | show 🗑
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| show | acute mania 1-1.5 meq/L; long term maintenance 0.6-1.2 meq/L; measure at 8-12 hours after last dose
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| Lithium interactions | show 🗑
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| phenothiazines AE | show 🗑
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| tricyclic antidepressants (TCA) toxicity s/s | show 🗑
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| tricyclic antidepressants (TCA) toxicity treatment | show 🗑
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| MAOI food interactions | show 🗑
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| risperidone (Risperdal) indication | show 🗑
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| show | 1-6 mg/day; PO onset 1-2 wks; IM 3 wks - last 2 wks
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| show | increased prolactin levels, abnormal dreams, seizures, dykinesia
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| show | CNS depressants, antihypertensives, alcohol
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| meds to reduce AE of phenothiazines | show 🗑
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| Aminophyllin action/indication | show 🗑
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| show | first signs: insomina, tachycardia, arrhythmias, seizures; then anorexia, N, V, stomach cramps, restlessness, confusion, headache, flushing, increased urination,
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| pt teaching form steroid inhaler | show 🗑
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| MDI use patient teaching | show 🗑
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| show | rebound congestion; can be addictive
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| monoxidase OTC interactions | show 🗑
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| show | don't take with antitussives
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| show | change needle, use Z track to prevent staining; take with Vit C (Orange juice) to help with absorbtion
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| show | absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion
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| ETOH withdrawl S/S? | show 🗑
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| show | benzos (primrialy); beta blockers; carbamazephine; chlonidine
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| show | administer IV Librium, restraints, thiamine suplementation, monitor ICU, bannana bag
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| ETOH abuse - frequent complications | show 🗑
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| Smoking withdrawl symptoms | show 🗑
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| show | elevated BP, elevated Pulse, seeking drugs from more than one provider, mydriasis (dialated pupils), thinorhea, diaphoresis, D, insomnia, pilerection (goose bumps), lacrimation
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| varenicline (Chantix) AE | show 🗑
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| show | activates and antagonizes the alpha 4 beta 2 nicotinic receptors in the brain
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| signs of drug diversion | show 🗑
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