CARDIO M6 TEST 4
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| define aneurysm | show 🗑
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| show | paroxysmal (sudden attack) thoracic chest pain, pressure and choking feeling caused by decreased oxygen to the myocardium
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| define arteriosclerosis | show 🗑
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| show | arterial disorder characterized by yellowish plaques of cholesterol, lipids, and cellular debris used in the inner layers of the walls of large and medium-sized arteries
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| show | slow heart rhythm characterized by a pulse less than 60 bpm
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| define cardioversion | show 🗑
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| show | conditions that obstruct blood flow in the coronary arteries
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| show | converting ventricular fibrillation by delivering a direct electrical counter shock to the precordium
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| define dysrhythmia | show 🗑
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| define embolus | show 🗑
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| show | surgical removal of the intimal lining of the artery
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| define heart failure | show 🗑
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| show | an abnormal deficiency of oxygen in the arterial blood
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| show | a weakness of the legs accompanied by cramp like pain in the calves caused by decreased arterial blood circulation to the leg muscles
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| show | decreased blood supply to a body organ or part often marked by pain and organ dysfunction
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| show | necrosis of a portion of the cardiac muscle caused by an occlusion of a major coronary artery or one of its branches
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| define occlusion | show 🗑
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| define orthopnea | show 🗑
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| show | pertaining to the outside surface or surrounding area
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| show | an accumulation of fluid in the thoracic cavity between the visceral and parietal layers
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| show | an abnormal increase in the number of red blood cells in the blood
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| define pulmonary edema | show 🗑
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| show | the heart rate of greater than 100 bpm
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| what muscular organ is hollow has four chambers and has a lower border called the apex and an upper border called the base | show 🗑
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| what are the three layers of the heart wall | show 🗑
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| show | a two-part membrane which is the outside layer of the heart( made up of the pericardium and endocardium which are two thin membranes with serous fluid)
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| show | it is the cardiac muscle
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| what is the endocardium | show 🗑
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| show | right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium and left ventricle
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| show | the tricuspid valve and mitral valve
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| what are the semi lunar valves | show 🗑
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| what is the upper right chamber of the heart that receives deoxygenated blood from the body via the vena cava, and from the heart via the coronary sinus | show 🗑
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| show | the right ventricle
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| what is the upper left chamber of the heart that receives oxygenated blood from the lungs via the pulmonary veins | show 🗑
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| show | the left ventricle
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| the right ventricle pumps blood to the lungs through what valve | show 🗑
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| what are the three main types of blood vessels | show 🗑
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| define arteries | show 🗑
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| show | tiny blood vessels joining arterioles and venules
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| show | vessels that carry blood to the heart
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| what is coronary circulation | show 🗑
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| show | the right and left coronary arteries
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| what sections of the heart is the right coronary artery perfuse | show 🗑
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| what sections of the heart does the left coronary arterie supply blood to | show 🗑
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| show | the right atrium
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| show | circulating blood from the left ventricle to all parts of the body and back to the right atrium, carries oxygen and nutrients to all body tissues and removes products of metabolism
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| what is pulmonary circulation | show 🗑
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| the right and left coronary arteries branch off what blood vessel | show 🗑
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| show | an inherent ability of the heart muscle tissue to contract in a rhythmic pattern
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| show | the ability of the heart muscle tissue to respond to stimulus
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| show | the Sinoatrial node
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| show | the atrioventricular node
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| show | the bundle of his(atrioventricular bundle)
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| the left and right bundle branches divide into smaller branches that surround the ventricles and cause the contraction of the ventricles | show 🗑
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| show | a complete heartbeat, complete diastole and systole of both atria and ventricles constitute a cardiac cycle
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| what is a systole | show 🗑
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| show | phase of relaxation begins with closure of the pulmonic and aortic valves, produces the dubb sound
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| the SA node is located where | show 🗑
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| what diagnostic test illustrates heart size shape and position, the outline of shadows and the lung abnormalities are also shown | show 🗑
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| what diagnostic test is a motion radiograph that allows the observation of movement | show 🗑
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| show | angiogram
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| what diagnostic test is used to visualize the heart chambers and valves great vessels and coronary arteries | show 🗑
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| show | diagnosis of cardiac pathology, measure pressures within the heart, cardiac competence, valvular defects, coronary blockage and occlusion with iodine dye
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| before using iodine contrast dye what must be determined | show 🗑
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| after what procedure will the patient lay supine for a designated period of time and pressure will be applied over the insertion site (artery) to prevent hemorrhage | show 🗑
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| what is an electrocardiogram | show 🗑
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| show | a cardiac specialist MDs or a cardiologist
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| show | ambulatory ECG or Holter monitor
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| what is used to continually monitor electrical activity of patients who are known or suspected to have dysrhythmias | show 🗑
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| show | a remote location that monitors patients via a transmitter placed in the patient's pocket. The signals are sent to a central location where a trained technician or nurse monitors the cardiac activities
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| show | a test conducted in a laboratory setting used to test cardiac function during exertion( treadmills, bicycling, stair climbing) by the patient
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| show | the radioisotope thallium is injected intravenously and the heart and coronary circulation is assessed using a scanning camera. This procedure is usually combined with the exercise stress test
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| show | an ultrasound directed at the heart and is used to show size, shape, motion and ejection fraction( cardiac output)
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| show | complete blood count, a determination of the number of red and white blood cells, as well as white blood cell differential, platelets, hemoglobin, and hematocrit
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| what our coagulation studies | show 🗑
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| show | proteins released into the blood and large quantities from the necrotic heart muscles following a myocardial infarction
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| what are the proteins in a cardiac enzyme test | show 🗑
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| show | troponin I
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| hypertension or high blood pressure occurs when a sustained elevation of: | show 🗑
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| show | two separate readings on two separate occasions, based on the average
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| what is normal blood pressure | show 🗑
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| show | 120-139/80-89
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| what blood pressure is stage I hypertension | show 🗑
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| show | >160/>100
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| show | the greatest force caused by the contraction of the left ventricle
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| show | the relaxation phase between heartbeats
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| what is arterial blood pressure? | show 🗑
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| blood flow and peripheral vascular resistance play an important role in what? | show 🗑
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| show | diameter of the blood vessel and the viscosity of the blood
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| show | vasoconstriction or narrowing of the peripheral blood vessels
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| how does the sympathetic nervous system increase blood pressure? | show 🗑
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| how does the renal system increase blood pressure? | show 🗑
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| how does the renin angiotensin system work? | show 🗑
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| show | the juxtaglomerular apparatus detects pressure changes in the nephrons, when the pressure is low causing filtration to be ineffective renin is released
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| where does angiotensin come from? | show 🗑
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| how does angiotensin I become angiotensin II | show 🗑
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| show | high BP, the cause is unknown and has to be treated with medication for life. contributing factors are arteriolar changes, sympathetic nervous system activation, hormonal influence(renin angiotensin aldosterone system). constitues 90-95% of HTN
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| show | age risk increases past 30, race risk 2x higher in blacks than whites, gender men more than women, family history risk increases with + FHx
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| show | smoking, obesity, high sodium diet, cholesterol intake, contraceptives/estrogen may contribute to BP, alcohol, stress, sedentary life
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| what does smoking do to increase HTN? | show 🗑
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| show | catecholamines leads to blood vessel constriction
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| show | elastic tissue in the arterioles replaced by fibrous tissue, causes decreased perfusion
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| show | damages the arteries and causes increased resistance of the arterioles to the flow of blood
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| what is secondary HTN? | show 🗑
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| show | renal vascular disease, adrenal cortex disease (cushings, primary aldosteronism, pheochromocytoma) pregnancy, head trauma or tumor
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