Respiratory System Ch11 Terminology
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| Oxygen | ox/o, ox/i
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| Carbon dioxide | capn/o
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| olfaction | sense of smell
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| Respiration | spir/o
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| Nose | nas/o, rhin/o
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| Pharynx | pharyng/o
throat
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| Larynx | laryng/o
voice box
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| Trachea | trache/o
wind pipe
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| Bronchial tree | bronch/o, bronchi/o
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| Lungs | pulmon/o, pneum/o, pneumon/o
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| Upper respiratory tract made up of... | Nose, pharynx and larynx
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| Lower respiratory tract made up of... | Trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli, capillaries of lungs
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| Cilia | nose hairs
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| Paranasal sinuses | sin/o, sinus/o
-frontal, maxillary, sphenoid and ethmoid cavities
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| Salping/o | Eustachian tubes - connects ears to throat
(and fallopian tubes)
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| Pharyngeal tonsils/adenoids | adenoid/o
protect against pathogens
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| Oropharynx | part of the throat posterior to the oral cavity
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| Palatine tonsils | tonsill/o
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| Epiglottis | epiglott/o
flap of cartilage at the opening of the larynx that closes access to the trachea during swallowing
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| Mediastinum | mediastin/o
space between lungs
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| Carina | trachea bifurcates (branches)
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| Bronchioles | bronchiol/o
smaller branches of bronchi
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| Alveoli | alveol/o
air sacs
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| Pleura | pleur/o
each lung is enclosed in this double-folded serous membrane
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| Diaphragm | phren/o, diaphragm/o, diaphragmat/o
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| Intercostal muscles | cost/o
muscles responsible for normal respiration
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| Aphonia | loss of ability to make sounds
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| Cheyne-Stokes respiration | deep, rapid breathing followed by a period of apnea
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| Clubbing | abnormal enlargement of the distal phalanges as a result of diminished oxygen in the blood
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| Cyanosis | lack of oxygen in blood seen as bluish or grayish discoloration of the skin, nail beds and/or lips
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| Epistaxis | nosebleed
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| Hemoptysis | coughing up blood
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| Hypercapnia | excessive carbon dioxide in the blood
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| Hyperventilation | abnormally increased breathing
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| Hypoxemia | deficient oxygen in the blood
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| Hypoxia | deficient oxygen in the tissue
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| Pleurodynia | pain in the chest caused by inflammation of the intercostal muscles
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| Pyrexia | fever
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| Rhinorrhea | runny nose
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| SOB | shortness of breath
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| Sputum | mucous coughed up from the lungs and expectorated through mucous
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| Thoracodynia | chest pain
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| Dyspnea | difficult and/or painful breathing
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| Apnea | abnormal, periodic cessation of breathing
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| Bradypnea | abnormally slow breathing
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| Hyperpnea | extremely deep breathing
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| Hypopnea | extremely shallow breathing
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| Orthopnea | difficult breathing unless in an upright posiiton
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| Tachypnea | rapid, shallow breathing
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| Rales | (crackles) abnormal lung sound heard on ascultation characterized by bubbling sounds
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| Stridor | high-pitched inspiration sound from the larynx
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| Wheezing | whistling sound made during breathing
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| Coryza | common cold
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| Croup | acute viral infection of early childhood, marked by stridor caused by spasms of the larynx, trachea and bronchi
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| OSA | (obstructive sleep apnea)
temporary lack of breathing that occurs during sleep
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| polyps of the nasal and vocal cord | small, tumor-like growth that projects from a mucous membrane surface
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| Tracheomalacia | softening of the tissues of the trachea
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| Tracheostenosis | narrowing of the windpipe
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| URI | (upper respiratory infection)
inflammation of the upper respiratory tract
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| Asthma | respiratory disorder characterized by recurring episodes of sudden, paroxymal (sudden,episodic)dyspnea
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| Bronchospasm | a sudden involuntary contraction of the bronchi, as in an asthma attack
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| Bronchiectasis | chronic dilation of the bronchi
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| COPD | (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease)
respiratory disorder characterized by a progressive and irreversible diminishment in spiratory and expiratory capacity of lungs
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| Emphysema | abnormal condition of the pulmonary system characterized by distension and destructive changes of the alveoli
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| ARF | (acute respiratory failure)
a sudden inability of the respiratory system to provide oxygen and/or remove carbon dioxide from the blood
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| Cystic fibrosis | inherited disorder of the exocrine glands resulting in abnormal, thick secretions of mucous that causes COPD
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| Atelectasis | collapse of lung tissue or an entire lung
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| Flail chest | a condition which multiple rib fractures cause instability in oart of the chest wall which the lung under the injured area contracts on inspiration and bulges out on expiration
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| Hemothorax *** | blood in the pleural space
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| Pneumothorax *** | air or gas in the pleural space causing the lung to collapse
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| Pyothorax *** | pus in the pleural cavity (also called empyema)
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| Pleural effusion *** | abnormal accumulation of fluid in the intrapleural space
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| Pleurisy *** | inflammation of the parietal pleura of the lungs
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| Pneumonia *** | inflammation of the lungs caused by a variety of pathogens
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| Pulmonary abscess *** | localized accumulation of pus in the lungs
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| Pulmonary edema *** | accumulation of fluid in the lung tissue
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| TB *** | (tuberculosis)
chronic infectious disorder caused by an acid-fast bacillus
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| Stethoscope | used to listen
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| Bronchoscopy | visual examination of teh bronchial tubes
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| Laryngoscopy | endoscopic procedure used to visualize the interior of the larynx
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| Mediastinoscopy | visual examination of the space between lungs
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| Thoracoscopy | visual examination of the chest cavity
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| PFT | pulmonary function test
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| FEV | forced expiratory volume
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| CXR | chest x-ray
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| CT | computed tomography
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| MRI | magnetic resonance imaging
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| Lung perfusion scan | used to detect pulmonary embolism
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| lung ventilation scan | measures the ability of the lungs to take in air
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| ABG | (arterial blood gases)
blood test that measures the amount of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood
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| Pulse oximetry | test to measure oxygen in arterial blood
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| Mantoux skin test | used to detect presence of tuberculosis antibodies
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| QFT | Quantiferon-TB gold test
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| PPB | positive-pressure breathing
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| CPAP | continuous positive airway pressure
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| Adenoidectomy | excision of the pharyngeal tonsils (adenoids)
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| Laryngectomy | excision of the voice box
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| Tonsillectomy | excision of the palatine tonsils
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| Lobectomy | removal of entire LOBE of lung
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| Pneumonectomy | removal of ENTIRE lung
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| Bronchoplasty | surgical repair of a bronchial defect
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| Rhinoplasty | surgical repair of the nose for healthcare or cosmetic reasons
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| Septoplasty | surgical repair of the wall between the nares
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| Tracheotomy | INCISION made into the trachea below the larynx to gain access to the airway
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| Tracheostomy | OPENING through the neck into the trachea, through which an indwelling tube may be inserted temporarily or permanently
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| Eu- | good, well
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| Nares | nostrils
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| -pnea | breathing
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| -ptysis | spitting
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| -osis | abnormal condition
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| Hiccup | hiccough, singultus
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| Tympan/o | drum
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| -ectasis | dilation
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| Status asthmatics | asthma attack that becomes continuous and can be fatal
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| Avian flu | (bird)
caused by type A influenza virus
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| DOE | dyspnea on exertion
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| CWP | coal workers pneumoconiosis (black lung disease)
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| Silicosis | abnormal accumulation of glass dust in the lungs
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| Asbestosis | abnormal condition of asbestos in the lungs
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