Anatomy Questions for HESI entrance exam
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| A cut along the median plane; cuts the body into left and right. | show 🗑
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| A cut along the frontal section; cuts the body into anterior and posterior sections. | show 🗑
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| A cut through the middle of the body; cuts body into superior and inferior portions. | show 🗑
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| This body cavity includes the cranial and spinal cavities. | show 🗑
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| This body cavity includes the orbits & the nasal, oral, thoracic & abdominopelvic cavities. | show 🗑
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| show | histology
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| Group of cells that act together to perform specific functions. | show 🗑
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| show | epithelial, connective, muscle & nerve
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| Tissue that covers, lines & protects the body and its internal organs | show 🗑
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| show | connective tissue
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| show | nerve tissue
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| show | muscle tissue
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| voluntary muscle tissue | show 🗑
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| Involuntary muscle tissue | show 🗑
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| Basic unit of life; building block of tissues and organs | show 🗑
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| show | proteins
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| Where does meiosis take place? | show 🗑
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| show | Epithelial
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| What is replaced by bone during embryonic development? | show 🗑
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| show | Cartilage
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| show | skin
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| show | dermis
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| show | Stratum corneum, Stratum Lucidum, Stratum granulosum, stratum germinativum
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| show | stratum germinativum
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| show | melanin
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| show | dermis
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| Two types of sweat glands | show 🗑
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| Sweat gland that regulates body temperature by releasing a watery secretion that evaporates from the surface of the skin. | show 🗑
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| Sweat glands that are mainly in the groin and armpits and contain bits of cytoplasm in the secretion | show 🗑
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| The ______ skeleton is make up of the pelvic girdle (os coxae) & the lower extremity. | show 🗑
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| List the bones of the os coxae | show 🗑
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| show | actin & myosin
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| show | sarcomeres
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| show | ATP & calcium
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| Skeletal muscle = ______ muscle | show 🗑
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| show | Synergists
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| show | flexors
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| show | extensors
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| The ______ system is made up of the brain, spinal cord & nerves. | show 🗑
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| show | cell body, dendrite, axon
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| show | dendrites
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| ______ of a neuron transmits impulses away from the cell body. | show 🗑
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| The 2 parts of the nervous system | show 🗑
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| The division of the nervous system that consists of all of the nerves that transmit info to & from the central nervous system. | show 🗑
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| show | Sensory (afferent) neurons & Motor (efferent) neurons
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| show | sensory (afferent) neurons
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| Neurons that carry nerve impulses away from the CNS, and toward the effector organs such as muscles, glands & digestive organs | show 🗑
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| The major parts of the brain | show 🗑
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| Part of the brain associated with movement & sensory input | show 🗑
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| show | cerebellum
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| Part of the brain that controls many vital functions such as respiration & heart rate | show 🗑
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| How long is the spinal cord? | show 🗑
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| The spine extends from the ______ to the ______. | show 🗑
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| There are ______ pairs of spinal nerves that exit the spinal cord. | show 🗑
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| The reflexes in which nerve impulses travel through the spinal cord only & don't reach the brain. | show 🗑
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| The impulses that enter the dorsal horns of the spinal cord. | show 🗑
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| The impulses that leave through the ventral horns of the spinal cord | show 🗑
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| show | endocrine system
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| The system that plays important roles in growth and sexual maturation | show 🗑
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| show | hypothalamus
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| Chemical messengers that control growth, differentiation & metabolism of specific target cells. | show 🗑
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| show | steroid hormones & protein hormones
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| The hormones that enter the target cells and have direct effect on DNA of the nucleus. | show 🗑
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| The hormones that remain at cell surface and act through a second messenger AMP | show 🗑
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| Hormones affect cell activity by altering the rate of __________. | show 🗑
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| The cortisol released from the adrenal cortex reduces ______, raises ______ and inhibits release of _______. | show 🗑
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| The master gland | show 🗑
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| show | infundibulum
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| 2 major portion of the pituitary gland | show 🗑
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| show | tropic hormones
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| show | anterior lobe (adenohypophysis)
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| show | posterior lobe (neurohypophysis)
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| show | 55%, 45%
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| show | erythrocytes, leukocytes & platelets
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| What are ways to distinguish leukocytes? | show 🗑
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| Leukocytes are active in ______ & ______. | show 🗑
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| show | platelets
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| Blood serves to transport _____ & _____ to body cells and to carry away ______ & ______. | show 🗑
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| show | proteins
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| Double pump organ | show 🗑
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| show | oxygenation; systemic circuit
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| Where blood is received | show 🗑
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| show | ventricles
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| show | tricuspid
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| Valve on the left side of the heart | show 🗑
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| show | Semilunar
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| Blood is supplied to the myocardium (heart muscle) by the ______. | show 🗑
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| Blood drains from the myocardium directly into the right atrium through the _______. | show 🗑
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| The hears intrinsic beat is initiated by the ______. | show 🗑
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| Device that measures the hearts wave of electrical activity | show 🗑
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| The period from the end of one ventricular contraction to the end of the next ventricular contraction. | show 🗑
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| The contraction phase of ventricular cycle | show 🗑
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| show | diastole
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| carry blood away from the heart | show 🗑
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| carry blood toward the heart | show 🗑
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| show | capillaries
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| show | aorta
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| The smallest arteries | show 🗑
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| show | thinner
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| The large veins that empty into the right atrium of the heart. | show 🗑
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| show | arteries
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| Vasoconstriction & vasodilation result from constriction & relaxation of ________ in the arterial walls. | show 🗑
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| Vasoconstriction & vasodilation influence _____ & blood distribution to ________. | show 🗑
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| Walls of ________ are thinner, less elastic & carry blood under lower pressure than arteries. | show 🗑
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| Mechanisms that help draw venous blood back to the heart: (3) | show 🗑
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| show | respirator system
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| show | medulla
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| show | external respiration
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| The exchange of gasses between blood and body cells. | show 🗑
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| show | Upper
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| The upper respiratory tubules are lined with ________ that keep dirt & debris from entering the lungs. | show 🗑
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| show | inhalation
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| The process during which the lungs recoil as the respiratory muscles relax and the thorax decreases in size. | show 🗑
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| Apocrine glands secretion traps debris & bacteria causing _________. | show 🗑
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| Glands that release sebum through the hair follicles that lubricates the skin & prevents drying. | show 🗑
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| Oil is produced by ______ secretion. | show 🗑
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| show | shape
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| show | long bone
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| show | osteoblasts
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| Axial skeleton consists of ______ bones of the skull. | show 🗑
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| The bones of the axial skeleton are categorized as ______. | show 🗑
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| List the 14 facial bones | show 🗑
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| show | occipital, frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid, 2 parietal, 2 temporal, and the ossicles of the ear (mallus, incus, stapes)
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| The axial skeleton also holds ______ bones of the vertebral column. | show 🗑
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| # of cervical vertebrae | show 🗑
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| show | 12
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| show | 5
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| show | 5
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| Another name for coccygeal bone | show 🗑
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| show | appendicular skeleton
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| The pectoral/shoulder girdle, clavicle, scapula & upper extremity are housed in the __________. | show 🗑
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| Most of the oxygen carried in the blood is bound to _________ in RBC's. | show 🗑
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| Regulator of blood pH | show 🗑
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| show | alimentary canal
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| show | alimentary canal/digestive tract
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| show | liver, pancreas, gallbladder
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| Mechanical process of breaking down food with the teeth & tongue | show 🗑
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| show | saliva
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| Enzyme in saliva that starts digestion of complex carbohydrates | show 🗑
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| show | bolus
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| show | esophagus
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| show | mucous membrane, submucous layer, muscular layer and serous layer
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| After food enters the stomach, gastric glands secrete ________ that breaks down food. | show 🗑
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| show | chyme
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| the stomach regulates the movement of food into the ______. | show 🗑
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| show | small intestine
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| show | small intestine & pancreas; liver
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| The ________ contributes water to dilute chyme & bicarbonate ions to neutralize the acid from the stomach. | show 🗑
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| Regions of the small intestine | show 🗑
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| show | small intestine
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| The amino acids & simple sugars derived from proteins & carbohydrates are absorbed directly into ________. | show 🗑
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| show | lacteals
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| After fats are absorbed & added to the blood stream, all nutrients enter the ________ to be routed to the _______ for decontamination. | show 🗑
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| small finger-like projections that greatly increase surface area of the intestinal wall | show 🗑
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| show | large intestine
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| show | intestinal flora
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| show | ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum
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| show | anus
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| parts of the urinary system | show 🗑
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| The tubes that transport urine to the urinary bladder | show 🗑
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| The place where urine is stored | show 🗑
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| How urine exits the body | show 🗑
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| Functional units of the kidney | show 🗑
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| show | renal artery
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| show | glomerulus
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| Filtration of the blood occurs under the force of _______. | show 🗑
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| show | diffusion
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| Water is reabsorbed at the _______ of the nephron. | show 🗑
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| show | urine
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| show | production of gamates; production of hormones
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| show | tropic
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| show | cyclic; continuous
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| What are gamates formed by? | show 🗑
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| show | seminiferous tubules of each testis
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| The interstitial cells between the seminiferous tubules, produce _________. | show 🗑
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| Hormone that influences sperm cell development and produces body hair and deep voice. | show 🗑
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| Where are sperm stored? | show 🗑
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| Pathway for sperm during ejaculation | show 🗑
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| Glands that produce semen | show 🗑
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| show | FSH & LH
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| Hormone that stimulates sperm production | show 🗑
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| Hormone that stimulates intersitial cells to produce testosterone. | show 🗑
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| show | estrogen
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| show | 14; pituitary; corpus luteum
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| What hormone is secreted by the corpus luteum? | show 🗑
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| After ovulation, the egg is swept into the __________. | show 🗑
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| show | oviduct
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| Name for a fertilized egg | show 🗑
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| In the uterus, the developing embryo is nourished by the ______, which is formed by materials and embryonic tissues. | show 🗑
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| show | abdominopelvic cavity
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| Movement of nutrients from the digestive tube into the bloodstream. | show 🗑
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| show | actin
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| show | amino acid
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| show | antibody
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| show | ATP
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| Upper chambers of the heart | show 🗑
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| Product of the liver that emulsifies fat | show 🗑
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| Tissue made of cells & fibers that connect and support | show 🗑
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| show | Ceruminous gland
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| Bodies within the nucleus made of DNA and proteins called histones. | show 🗑
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| show | CNS
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| Imaginary line passing through the body from head to toe that divides the body into front & back portions | show 🗑
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| show | cranial cavity
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| show | diaphragm
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| Movement of materials from high concentration to lower concentration | show 🗑
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| show | digestion
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| Crescent-shaped projection of gray matter within the spinal cord where sensory neurons enter the spinal cord | show 🗑
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| Prenatal development time between the zygote and the fetus | show 🗑
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| Inner lining of the uterus | show 🗑
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| Functional proteins; names usually end in -ase | show 🗑
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| A passage in the skull bone through which the spinal cord enters the spinal column | show 🗑
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| show | formed elements
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| Simple sugar found in certain foods, especially fruits | show 🗑
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| Physiologic steady state that is naturally maintained within the body | show 🗑
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| show | hypothalamus
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| show | joints
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| show | keratin
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| show | keratinized epithelium
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| show | lacteal vessel
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| Tissue connecting bone to bone | show 🗑
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| show | median plane
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| Space within the thoracic cavity that houses all the organs of the chest except the lungs | show 🗑
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| Thin sheets of tissue cells that line the body openings or canals that open to the outside of the body. | show 🗑
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| Protein that makes up nearly half of the proteins in muscle cells | show 🗑
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| show | oral cavity
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| show | orbits
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| show | organelle
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| Measurement associated with acids and bases | show 🗑
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| Engulfing of materials by certain cells of the body | show 🗑
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| Liquid portion of the blood | show 🗑
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| Blood flow through a network of vessels between the heart and the lungs for the oxygenation of blood and the removal of CO2 | show 🗑
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| Organelle of the cell where protein synthesis takes place | show 🗑
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| An imaginary line running from the front to back that divides the body into left and right sections. | show 🗑
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| Organelle of the muscle fiber that stores calcium. | show 🗑
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| show | sebaceous glands
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| Thin sheets of tissue that line body cavities not having to exist to the outside | show 🗑
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| The backbone that protects the spinal cord, which runs inside of it. | show 🗑
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| show | subcutaneous tissue
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| Sweat glands | show 🗑
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| show | synovial membrane
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| General blood circulation of the body, not including the lungs | show 🗑
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| The chest cavity | show 🗑
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| show | transverse plane
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| Narrowing of the diameter of a blood vessel | show 🗑
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| show | vasodilation
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| show | Ventral horns
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| show | ventricles
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| show | zygote
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| The ankle is ______ in relation to the knee. | show 🗑
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| The serous membrane surrounding the heart. | show 🗑
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| The actively mitotic layer of the epidermis. | show 🗑
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| What is the total number of phalanges? | show 🗑
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| the flexor carpi ulnaris located? | show 🗑
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| The master gland | show 🗑
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| The largest gland of the human body | show 🗑
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| The storage area of urine | show 🗑
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| The portion of the uterus under direct hormonal effect. | show 🗑
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| The contraction of the diaphragm to enlarge the chest cavity and draw air into the lungs | show 🗑
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| show | exhalation
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Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
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You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
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If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
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