Managing a patient with pain
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| Define Chronic Pain | Persistent or recurrent pain lasting 3-6 months that is often more difficult to treat because changes occur in the nervous system. (Book answer is pain lasting 6 months and over)
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| Define Acute Pain | Sudden pain that usually subsides when treated. One example of acute pain is post operative pain (Book answer is pain lasting less than 6 months)
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| Define Referred Pain | Pain felt at a site other than the injured or diseased organ or part of the body.
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| What is the Gate Control Theory? | A theory that suggests that pain impulses are regulated and even blocked by gating mechanisms located along the central nervous system (CNS)
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| Define Noxious Pain | Injurious to physical health.
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| What is the most difficult pain to treat? | Chronic pain.
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| What are potent polypeptides composed of many amino acids found in the pituitary gland and other areas of the CNS. | Endorphines.
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| What activates endorphines? | Stress and pain.
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| Define the pain threshold | The level of stimulus needed to produce a painful sensation.
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| Define pain tolerance | The amount of pain a patient can endure without its interfering with normal function, which is called the physiologic element of pain.
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| What type of pain generally provides a warning of actual or potential tissue damage. | Acute pain
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| What pain usually subsides when treated? | Acute pain
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| True or False: In order for pain to be considered chronic, it must be a continuous pain sensation lasting 3 or more months. | False. Chronic pain can also be intermittant (come and go)
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| Define breakthrough pain | Pain that occurs between doses of medications.
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| Define central pain | Pain resulting from any disorder that causes central nervous system damage.
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| Define somatic pain | Pain that originates from skeletal muscles, ligaments or joints.
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| Characteristics of pain for the pain assessment | Site, Severity, Duration, Location
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| List three physiological signs of pain | Tachycardia, Increased depth & frequency of respirations, Increased systolic or diastolic BP, Pallor and diaphoresis, Dilated pupils, Increased muscle tension, Nausea and vomiting with severe pain
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| List three behavioral signs of pain | Changes in facial expression, Clenching of fists, Crying, Moaning, Tossing in bed, Assuming fetal position, Clutching the effected body part
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| What information should be gathered regarding pain medication? | Name of drug, dose, frequency and effectiveness.
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| List three psychological pain management techniques | Distraction and diversion, Talking, Relief of anxiety, Hypnosis, Deep control breathing, Group therapy
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| What are 3 techniques of pain control? | Physical, psychological and medication
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| What is the name of the pain scale that utilizes faces and who is it generally used for? | Wong-Baker, Its usually used for children.
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