Evolution Questions & Definitions
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| adaptation | a characteristic that helps an organism survive and reproduce in its environment
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| species | a group of organisms that can mate with one another to produce fertile offspring
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| evolution | the process by which populations accumulate inherited changes over time
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| fossil | solidified remains or imprints of a once-living organism
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| fossil record | fossils that provide a historical sequence of life
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| vestigial structure | the remnant of a once-useful anatomical structure
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| trait | a quality that can be passed on from 1 generation to another
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| selective breeding | breeding of organisms that have a certain desired trait
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| natural selection | process by which organisms with favorable traits survive and reproduce at a higher rate thatn organisms without the favorable traits
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| generation time | period between the birth of 1 generation and the birth of the next generation
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| extinct | a species of organism that has died out completely
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| What are the 4 geological time eras? | Precambrian Time, Paleozoic Era, Mesozoic Era, and the Cenozoic Era
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| What are the 3 ways you can compare organisms? | skeletal structures, DNA and the embyonic structures
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| Who made observations that later became the foundations for his theory of evolution by natural selection? | Charles Darwin
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| What are the 4 steps to Natural Selection? | Overproduction, Genetic Variation, Struggle to Survive, and Successful Reproduction
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| What are the 3 steps to the formation of a new species? | seperation, adaptation, and division
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| relative dating | ordering fossils to estimate their age
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| absolute dating | the method of measuring the ratio of unstable atoms to stable atoms, which help determine the approximate age of a fossil
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| geologic time scale | the calendar scientists use to outline the history of life on earth
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| Pangaea | a single large landmass of the earth
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| How old is our earth? | 4.6 Billion years old
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| What is your geologic time address? | Phanerozoic, cenozoic, quaternary, holocene
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| Naturalist | Is a person who studies plants and animals by observing.
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| Variation | Is a slight difference in an inherited trail of individual members of a species.
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| Camouflage | Wants to not be seen, blends in with environment
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| Mimicry | Wants to be seen, resemblance of one species to another species.
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| Comparative anatomy | The study of similarities and differences among structures of living species.
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| Homologous structures | Body parts of organisms that are similar in structure and position but different in function.
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| analogous structures | Body parts that perform a similar function but differ in structure.
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| Vestigial structures | body parts that have lost their original function through evolution.
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| Embryology | The science of the development of embryos from fertilization to birth.
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| When compared with other fossils, what structure indicates the ancestor of whales used to walk on land? | Vestigial pelvic bones
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| What causes variations to arise in a population? | random mutations in genes.
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| What method can scientists use to determine when a fossil appeared on earth? | relative-age dating
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