Covering Quality Control and Quality Assurance for Diagnostic Imaging
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| The invisible image on an unprocessed radiograph formed during exposure of the receptor | show 🗑
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| Marks, spurious objects, motion, or unwanted optical density on the image that do not represent the anatomic structure | show 🗑
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| show | radiation fog
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| The ability to image small, high contrast objects | show 🗑
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| Appears on a radiograph as a speckled background; occurs most often when high-kVp and low mAs techniques are used in cases of high DQE | show 🗑
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| show | luminance
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| show | fluorescence
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| show | phosphorescence
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| show | Heat, radiation
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| show | quantum mottle
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| show | processing artifact
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| examples of exposure artifact | show 🗑
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| a type of processing artifact | show 🗑
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| show | quality assurance
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| show | quality control
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| minimum amount of filtration required for general purpose radiographic units | show 🗑
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| show | outcome analysis/outcome assessment
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| continuous quality improvement - an ongoing process that involves QA and QC; never ends | show 🗑
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| If 50 mAs produces x-ray intensity of 100 mR then an exposure at 100 mAs should produce an x-ray intensity of 200 mR - this is an example of what? May also be expressed as EI number tracking in a linear fashion as a function of increasing exposure | show 🗑
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| show | reciprocity
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| Three steps of quality control for radiographic equipment | show 🗑
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| Reason why TJC (the Joint Commission) QA program is used in hospitals? | show 🗑
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| show | supervising radiologist, QC technologist, medical physicist
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| show | To ensure that only the anatomy of interest is imaged.
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| show | +/-5% (most states); +/-10% federal
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| three QC tools to measure focal-spot size? | show 🗑
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| show | +/- 5%
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| What test is performed to check for geometric distortion/spatial accuracy in digital? | show 🗑
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| How often should lead apparel be checked for integrity? | show 🗑
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| show | dedicated kV meter
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| show | candela per meter squared or lumens
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| show | Preventive maintenance reduces the probability of unscheduled maintenance
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| show | 2% of the SID
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| Also known as the true negative fraction – ability to be given a negative diagnosis when no disease is present; How well are we able to rule out or eliminate the possibility of the disease not being there; has a low false positive rate | show 🗑
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| Also referred to as the true positive fraction; indicates the likelihood of obtaining a positive diagnosis in a patient with the disease (ability to detect disease); How well can the exams pick things up; has a low false negative rate | show 🗑
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| show | accuracy
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| If a radiologist determines something on a film to be a disease and further lab tests confirm it is that disease | show 🗑
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| If a radiologist dictates the presence of a disease on an image and further tests determine that a disease (or the disease dictated) is not present | show 🗑
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| If a radiologist dictates no disease present and further testing results in demonstrating no disease present | show 🗑
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| show | false negative
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| show | halo artifact
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| show | Phantom image artifact /ghosting
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| Poor collimation leads to this error in CR and DR image processing | show 🗑
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| scratches or dust/dirt on the PSP plate will appear ____ on the image | show 🗑
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| dust in the path of the laser beam in the CR reader may cause this type of artifact | show 🗑
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| When an erasure lamp is not working properly in PSP imaging, this artifact may result | show 🗑
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| show | Moire or Aliasing
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| show | weekly
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| show | daily
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| who is responsible for acceptance testing of radiologic equipment? | show 🗑
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| show | technologist
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| show | vendor service personnel
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| skin exposure rate that should not be exceeded during fluoroscopy with ABS | show 🗑
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| minimum SSD for mobile fluoroscopy units | show 🗑
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| minimum SSD for fixed fluoroscopy units | show 🗑
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| matrix is composed of _____ | show 🗑
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| TFT arrays are composed of _____ | show 🗑
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| show | SMPTE test pattern
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| display monitor: has a greater viewing angle | show 🗑
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| display monitor: has better contrast resolution | show 🗑
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| show | Veiling or flare
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| projection of image from a curved surface (such as the input phosphor) onto a flat surface (output phosphor) Distortion is greater on the lateral side of image. The magnification increased towards the middle of the image | show 🗑
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| opposite of pincushion, but the mag is higher in the middle | show 🗑
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| decrease in image brightness at the lateral portions of the image, due to a combo of pincushion and the coupling of the TV camera | show 🗑
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| show | S distortion
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| show | radiation strikes IP, electrons of phosphors raised and trapped in higher energy state, IP exposed to laser light to release electrons, PMT detects light emission of electrons as they return to their stable state, IP exposed to intense white light
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| show | ability of a screen to absorb x-rays
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| show | ability to give off light in proportion to amount of radiation absorbed
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| type 1 histogram | show 🗑
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| show | abdomen; anatomy fills the IR
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| type 3 histogram | show 🗑
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| show | radiopaque
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| right side of histogram represents this type of anatomy | show 🗑
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| where is EI measured from? | show 🗑
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| show | widens the histogram
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| used to evaluate collimation/beam restriction and central ray alignment | show 🗑
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| show | oscilloscope
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| show | digital timer or electronic ion chamber
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| show | photometer
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| show | image magnification
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| in this fluoroscopy mode, the entire input phosphor is being used resulting in decreased patient dose | show 🗑
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| visible image | show 🗑
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| show | dose creep
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| show | CANNOT
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| _____ and ______ can be adjusted for most digital images reducing the need for repeats and allowing optimal patient dose techniques to be utilized. | show 🗑
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| show | FALSE
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| show | 60,120
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| show | 14
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| TFT | show 🗑
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| DEL | show 🗑
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| show | photostimulable phosphor
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| show | look up table
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| show | photomultiplier tube
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| show | analog to digital converter
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| IP | show 🗑
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| VOI | show 🗑
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| show | region of interest
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| show | dose area product
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| show | 1024x1280 to 1200x1600
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| matrix size of typical radiologist workstation | show 🗑
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| another name for technologist workstation | show 🗑
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| show | primary display or class I
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| show | SMPTE or TG18-QC
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| test tool for evaluating the effect of ambient lighting on viewing conditions for a monitor | show 🗑
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| test tool for evaluating display luminance and visibility of contrast resolution compared with other monitors | show 🗑
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| test tool for evaluating spatial lumninance response of the system requiring the use of a photometer to measure and ensure luminance values are greater than 171cd/m2 | show 🗑
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| show | TG18-CX
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| show | routine, full inspection, system adjustment
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| QC test used to evaluate the ability of a system to completely remove previous exam data | show 🗑
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| show | uniformity/shading test
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| degree of angulation for the spatial resolution test pattern phantom to the laser scan or TFT detector array | show 🗑
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| three parts of a QC program on equipment | show 🗑
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| What organization released an advisory opinion statement on electronic cropping? | show 🗑
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| show | over 100% greater exposure of the target range
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| show | less than 50% exposure of the target range
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| show | No true black, Less viewing angle, brightness can diminish with room temperature extremes,
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| show | +/-1% of SID or 2 degrees
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| how do you check for a dead pixel on a display monitor | show 🗑
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| show | use a solid white background to look for a black dot
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| show | 15 or fewer bad pixels across entire screen, 3 or fewer bad pixels within any circle of 1cm diameter, 3 or fewer bad adjacent pixels
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| common causes of x-ray field and collimation field misalignment | show 🗑
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hschmuck1
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