Physiology of Pregnancy and Prenatal Developement
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| Define gametogenesis: | show 🗑
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| Define Oogenesis: | show 🗑
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| show | formation of male gamete.
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| show | the process in which cells divide to form gametes
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| What is conception? | show 🗑
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| When does ovulation begin? | show 🗑
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| show | 24 hours
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| show | approximately 3 days
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| show | 24 hours, 5 days
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| show | Fewer than 200
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| show | False. It is during the trip to the ovum, they undergo changes that enable one of them to penetrate the protective layers surrounding the ovum, a process called capacitation.
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| show | The change undergone by spermatozoa in the female genital tract that enables them to penetrate and fertilize an egg.
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| What is fertilization? | show 🗑
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| show | In the distal 3rd of the fallopian tube near the ovary
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| When is fertilization complete and cell division can begin? | show 🗑
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| show | the first 2 weeks after conception
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| show | Around the 4th day after conception, when the blastocyst contains approximately 100 cells
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| When does the zygote become a morula? | show 🗑
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| show | A mulberry
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| Fill in the blanks: The outer cells of the morula secrete fluid, forming a __________, a sac of cells with an inner cell mass placed off center within the sac | show 🗑
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| show | Placenta and fetal membranes
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| How long does the blastocyst linger in the uterus before beginning implantations? | show 🗑
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| What is the endometrium called once the blastocyst implants? | show 🗑
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| show | secretes rich fluids to nourish the zygote
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| When does implantation of the blastocyst into the uterus occur? | show 🗑
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| show | Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG)
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| show | in the upper uterus, slightly more often on the posterior wall than the anterior wall
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| show | Primary chorionic villi form that nourish the zygote by diffusion
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| show | The fetal side of the placenta
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| show | by 10 days
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| The zygote implants around the same timeline as what, and what may occur? | show 🗑
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| show | 3rd week through the 8th week after conception
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| Fill in the blanks: By the end of the 8th week, all _____ _____ systems are in place in the fetus and many are _______, although in a simple way | show 🗑
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| show | teratogens (drugs, viruses, radiation, and infectious agents)
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| When is the fetal stage? | show 🗑
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| show | cephalocaudal and central-to-peripheral direction (head to bottom, central to outward)
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| What are the 3 primary cell layers of the embryo? | show 🗑
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| show | During the embryonic phase when growth is most rapid
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| show | *Neural tube forms. *Primitive brain. *Primitive spinal cord. *A primitive or tubular heart
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| When does the embryos heart begin beating? | show 🗑
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| When does the neural tube close, and what can prevent its closure? | show 🗑
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| When does the embryonic heart form 4 chambers? | show 🗑
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| When is the most notable intestinal growth? | show 🗑
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| show | week 8
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| when do first fetal movements begin? | show 🗑
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| When does urine production begin? | show 🗑
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| When can gender be determined? | show 🗑
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| When does quickening begin? | show 🗑
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| When does lanugo (fine hair), eyebrows, and head hair present? | show 🗑
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| show | special heat-producing fat that helps newborn maintain temperature stability after birth
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| show | weeks 17-20
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| When do the lungs begin to produce surfactant? | show 🗑
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| When are fetuses more likely to survive if born as lungs and CNS have matured? | show 🗑
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| show | weeks 25-28
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| When do fingernails and toenails present? | show 🗑
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| When does the rate of growth slow? | show 🗑
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| show | disk-like organ made up of about 15-20 segments (cotyledons) that is present only during pregnancy, and is the site of exchange of nutrients, oxygen and waste products between mother and child
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| show | *Progesterone. *Estrogen. *Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). *Human placental lactogen (hPL).
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| show | a "beefy" red appearance due to the large number of arterioles and venules.
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| show | “Dirty Duncan”.
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| show | a grayish, shiny appearance
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| What is the fetal membrane referred to as? | show 🗑
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| How many fetal membranes are there? | show 🗑
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| show | The amnion
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| What is the outer fetal membrane? | show 🗑
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| show | A sac made up of the chorion and the amnion that contains the fetus and amniotic fluid
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| How does the amniotic fluid appear normally? | show 🗑
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| show | adequate amounts of amniotic fluid
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| What is the volume of amniotic fluid at 40 weeks? | show 🗑
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| What are the components of amniotic fluid? | show 🗑
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| show | Amniotic fluid, 8 weeks
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| What does the placenta contain? | show 🗑
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| What do the arteries of the placenta carry? | show 🗑
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| show | freshly oxygenated and nutrient-laden blood to the fetus
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| What protects the umbilical cord from compression? | show 🗑
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| What kind of pain does the umbilical cord transmit? | show 🗑
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| Which hormone provides for the expansion needed during pregnancy of the uterus, breast and breast glandular tissues, also plays a role in increasing vascularity and vasodilatation of the villous capillaries of the placenta? | show 🗑
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| What happens with a newborns first breath? | show 🗑
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| show | the pressure in the left atrium exceeding the pressure in the right atrium
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| show | the increased oxygen content of the newborn's blood
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| What is the foramen ovale? | show 🗑
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| show | Vena cava -> Right atrium -> Left atrium -> left ventricle -> aorta
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| show | monozygotic and dizygotic
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| What are monozygotic twins? | show 🗑
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| What are dizygotic twins? | show 🗑
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| show | Birth defects
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| show | *Portal sinus *Ductus venosus *Ductus arteriosus
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| What are the three ducts in fetal circulation? | show 🗑
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