68wm6 PH2 Exam 4
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| show | conditions that obstruct blood flow in the coronary arteries
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| show | Narrowed coronary arteries cause predictable chest pain or discomfort with exertion. The blockages prevent the heart from receiving the extra oxygen needed for strenuous activity. Symptoms typically get better with rest.
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| Unstable Angina Pectoris | show 🗑
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| show | elevated concentraions of any or all lipids in the plasma
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| Arrhythmia (dysrhythmia) | show 🗑
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| Congestive heart failure(CHF) | show 🗑
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| show | A disease of heart muscle in which the heart is abnormally enlarged, thickened, and/or stiffened. As a result, the heart's ability to pump blood is weakened
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| Pericarditis | show 🗑
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| show | Fluid between the lining of the heart (pericardium) and the heart itself. Often, this is due to pericarditis
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| Atrial fibrillation | show 🗑
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| show | There are four heart valves, and each can develop problems. If severe, valve disease can cause congestive heart failure.
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| show | An abnormal sound heard when listening to the heart with a stethoscope. Some heart murmurs are benign; others suggest heart disease.
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| Endocarditis | show 🗑
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| Mitral valve prolapse | show 🗑
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| Sudden cardiac death | show 🗑
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| Cardiac arrest | show 🗑
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| show | A tracing of the heart’s electrical activity. Electrocardiograms can help diagnose many heart conditions
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| Echocardiogram | show 🗑
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| Exercise stress test | show 🗑
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| show | A catheter is inserted into the femoral artery in the groin and threaded into the coronary arteries. A doctor can then view X-ray images of the coronary arteries or any blockages and perform stenting or other procedures
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| show | If a doctor suspects an arrhythmia, a portable heart monitor can be worn. Called a Holter monitor, it records the heart's rhythm continuously for a 24 hour period
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| Event monitor | show 🗑
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| show | Regular exercise is important for heart health and most heart conditions. Talk to your doctor before starting an exercise program if you have heart problems
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| Angioplasty | show 🗑
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| show | Angioplasty is sometimes called a PCI or PTCA (percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty) by doctors.
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| show | During cardiac catheterization, a doctor expands a wire metal stent inside a narrowed or blocked coronary artery to open up the area. This lets blood flow better and can abort a heart attack or relieve angina (chest pain)
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| Thrombolysis | show 🗑
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| Lipid-lowering agents | show 🗑
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| show | Commonly called water pills, diuretics increase urination and fluid loss. This reduces blood volume, improving symptoms of heart failure
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| Beta-blockers | show 🗑
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| ICD (Implantable cardioverter defibrillator) | show 🗑
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| show | To maintain a stable heart rate, a pacemaker can be implanted. A pacemaker sends electrical signals to the heart when necessary to help it beat properly.
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| show | a localized dilation of the wall of a blood vessel
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| Arteriosclerosis | show 🗑
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| Atherosclerosis | show 🗑
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| Defibrillation | show 🗑
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| Dysrhythmia | show 🗑
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| show | a foreign object, piece of tissue or tumor, air or gas, or a thrombus that travels in the circulatory system until it becomes lodged in a vessel
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| Heart Failure | show 🗑
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| Endarterectomy | show 🗑
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| show | restoration of the hearts normal sinus rhytm by delivery of a synchronized electric shock through two paddles placed on the patients chest
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| Hypoxemia | show 🗑
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| show | a weakness of the legs accompanied by cramp like pain in the calves caused by decreased arterial blood circulation to the leg muscles
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| Ischemia | show 🗑
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| Myocardial Infarction(MI) | show 🗑
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| Occlusion | show 🗑
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| Orthopnea | show 🗑
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| show | pertaining to the outside, surface or surrounding area
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| show | an accumulation of fluid in the thoracic cavity between the visceral and parietal layers
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| show | an abnormal increase in the number of red blood cells in the blood
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| show | Accumulation of extravascular fluid in lung tissues and alveoli, most commonly caused by left sided heart failure
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| show | a heart rate of greater than 100 beats per minute
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| Bradycardia | show 🗑
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| Three layers of the heart | show 🗑
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| The right ventricle pumps blood to the lungs through what valve? | show 🗑
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| show | Ateries, Capillaries, Veins
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| show | Systemic Circulation
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| show | Pulmonary Ciculation
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| The right and left coronary ateries branch off what blood vessel | show 🗑
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| show | Phase of relaxation
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| show | The superior portion of the right atrium
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| show | I. Minimal II.Mild III.Moderate IV. Severe
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| Describe the Pitting edema Scale | show 🗑
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| show | Fatigue, Anginal pain, Anxiety, Oliguria, Decreased gastrointestinal motility, pale cool skin, weight gain, restlessness
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| show | Dyspnea, Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, cough, Frothy blood-tinged sputum, orthopnea, Pulmonary crackles, radiographic evidence of pulmonary vascular congestion with pleural effusion
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| Signs and symptoms of Heart Failure(Right Ventricular Failure) | show 🗑
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| Actions of Cardiac Glycosides | show 🗑
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| Actions of Diuretics | show 🗑
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| show | Restores electrolyte loss
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| Actions of Sedatives and Analgesics | show 🗑
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| Actions of Nitrates | show 🗑
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| show | Act as antihypertensives, reduce peripheral arterial resistance andand improve cardiac output
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| Actions of Beta-Adrenergic Blockers | show 🗑
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| Actions of Inotropics Agents | show 🗑
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| show | Causes arterial and venous dilation, thereby decreasing systemic vascular resitance and pulmonary arterial pressures; decreases blood blood pressure, promotes better left ventricle ejection, increases cardica output, may also promote diuresis
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| show | is the result of rheumatic fever and the clinical manisfestation of carditis resulting from an inadequately treated childhood pharyngeal or upper respiratory tract infectoin
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| show | Drugs that influence the force or energy of muscular contractions, particularly contraction of the heart muscle
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| Refractory Period | show 🗑
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| Common ACE Inhibitors | show 🗑
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| Common Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonists | show 🗑
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| Common Beta Blockers | show 🗑
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| Signs and symptoms of Rheumatic Heart Disease | show 🗑
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| Signs and symptoms of Pericarditis | show 🗑
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| Signs and symptoms of Cardiac Tamponade | show 🗑
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| Signs and symptoms of Infective Endocarditis | show 🗑
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| Signs and symptoms of Myocarditis | show 🗑
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| show | Amlodipine, Diltiazem HCI, Nifedipine, Verapamil
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| show | Potassium Sparing, Loop-butmetanide fourosemide
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| Three nursing interventions related to Inflammatory disorders of the heart | show 🗑
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| Degenerative changes in the vascular system | show 🗑
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| Diagnostic test for Peripheral Vascular Disorders | show 🗑
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| show | (P: pulses A: appearance T: temperature C: capillary refill H: hardness E: edema S: sensation) "Used for assessment and documentation of peripheral vascular disease"
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| The first symptom of an arterial disorder due to arterial insfficiency and ischemia | show 🗑
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| Arterial Embolism | show 🗑
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| show | Paleness, weakness, tachycardia, hypotension, abd pain, back pain, groin pain
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| show | is an occlusive vascular condition in which the small and medium-sized arteries become inflamed and thrombotic. Most commonly affected are men between the ages of 25-40 who smoke. Women however make up as much as 40 percent of patients with this disease.
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| What are the antagonist of the following drugs: 1. Warfarin 2.Heparin | show 🗑
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| show | Is caused by intermittent arterial spasms, and as disease progresses the intimal wall thickens and the medial wall hypertrophies. Primary Raynauds disease usually occurs before 30 years of age whereas secondary raynauds disease occurs after age 30.
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| Signs of Buerger's disease | show 🗑
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| show | Chronically cold hands and feet, during arterial spasms pallor, coldness, numbness, cutaneous cyanosis, and burning throbbing pain occur
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| Disorders of the Veins | show 🗑
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| What is thrombophlebitis? | show 🗑
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| What are Varicose veins? | show 🗑
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| show | Ulcers or leg ulcers that occur from chronic deep vein insufficiency and stasis of blood in the the venous system of the legs. Cause include severe varicose veins, burns, trauma, sickle cell anemia, diabetes, neurogenic disorders and hereditary factors.
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| Two characteristics that affect the functions of the heart | show 🗑
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| The heart beat is initiated in with this node and is located in the upper part of the right atrium just beneath the opening of the superior vena cava. It is also known as the pacemaker | show 🗑
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| The hearts electrical impulses fires in this order? | show 🗑
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| What is depolarization of the heart? | show 🗑
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| What is repolarization of the heart? | show 🗑
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| show | Cardiac Ruler Method, Six Second Tracing Method, 300 Method, and 1500 Method(most exact)
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| show | P,Q,R,S, and T waves.
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| show | Rate of 60-100 BPM, Regular rythm, P wave present of each QRS complex, normal configuration, and each P wave is identical.
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| Prehypertension Parameters | show 🗑
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| Stage 1 Hypertension Parameters | show 🗑
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| Stage 2 Hypertensino Parameters | show 🗑
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| Hypertension occurs when a sustained level is above what parametters? | show 🗑
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| show | Hypertension is diagnosed based on the average of two seperate readings on two seperate occasions.
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| This type of hypertension constitues 90-95% of all cases and has no known cause | show 🗑
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| This type of Hypertension will most likely subside when the underlying condition causing it is corrected | show 🗑
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| show | Svere rapidly progressing elevation in blood pressure: Diastolic >120. Damages small aterioles in major organs, most distingushing is damage to eyes arteioles. More common in black males under 40. Fatal without medical intervention
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| Symptoms of advanced hypertension? | show 🗑
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| Blood pressure is measured in this order for assessment of hypertension? | show 🗑
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| Why doe hypertension often go untreated? | show 🗑
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| What classes of medication are used to treat hypertension? | show 🗑
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| Adrenergics Side Effects? | show 🗑
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| show | Management of mild to moderate hypertension. They are a vasodilator, improve myocardial contraction and they reduce pulmonary congestion.
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| Side effects of ACE Inhibitors | show 🗑
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| show | Orthostatic hypotension, bradycardia, CHF, blood dyscrasias, bronchospasm, N/V/D
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| Side effects of Calcium Channel Blockers | show 🗑
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| show | Find an R wave that falls on a thick black line, Then find the next R wave, The Solid black lines between R waves are the following rates: 300,150,100,75,60,50,43,37,33,30
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| show | Count the number of small boxes between two R waves, then Divide this number into 1500 to obtain the HR/Min.
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| Describe what the P wave represents on an ECG? | show 🗑
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| Describe what the QRS complex represents on an ECG? | show 🗑
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| Describe what the PR interval represents? | show 🗑
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| Describe what the T wave represents on an ECG? | show 🗑
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| show | Early depolarization of the ventricle muscle
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| List the three steps for interpreting an ECG? | show 🗑
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| show | Sever weakness of cardiac muscle(Cardiomyopathy) and end stage inoperable CAD(Coronary Artery Disease)
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| Desc | show 🗑
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| show | Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty; a balloon-tipped catheter is passed into a blocked artery, then inflated pressing the plaque against the coronary wall. Performed under conscious sedation.
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| show | Mitral Stenosis, Aortic Stenosis, Tricuspid, Pulmonary stenosis
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| show | Heart murmur and extra heart sounds, crackles and wheezing in the lungs, presence of edema pitting and non pitting
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| Anticoagulants contraindications? | show 🗑
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| show | Fever, diarrhea, rash, hemorrhage, agranulocytosis, leukopenia, eosinophilia, thrombocytopenia
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| What is the dose of Protamine Sulfate in a patient with heparin toxicity? | show 🗑
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