Other Complications of Pregnancy
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| show | Agents in the fetal environment that either cause or increase the likelihood that a birth defect will occur. Most agents cross the placenta and affect the developing fetus
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| show | *Infections *Ionizing Radiation *Maternal Hyperthermia *Pollutants *Effects of Maternal Disorders
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| show | Before conception
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| Define Oligohydramnios: | show 🗑
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| show | fetal lung developement
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| What do fibrous amniotic bands result from? | show 🗑
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| show | can result in fetal deformations or intrauterine limb amputations (sometimes confused with birth defects)
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| What is the most common form of substance abuse? | show 🗑
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| show | 11%
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| show | *Decreased placental perfusion *Anemia *PROM (Premature Rupture Of Membranes) *Preterm labor *Spontaneous abortion
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| show | *Prematurity *LBW *Fetal demise *Developmental delays *Increased incidence of SIDS *Neurologic problems
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| What is the most commonly used drug? | show 🗑
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| True or False: Once the mother metabolizes the alchohol, the fetus is safe. | show 🗑
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| show | Spontaneous abortion
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| What are the fetal effects of alcohol? | show 🗑
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| What are the recognizable combination of facial features in FAS? | show 🗑
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| show | Marijuana
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| show | (unclear, more study needed) *Irritability *Tremors *Sleep problems *Sensitivity to light
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| What is the second most commonly used illicit drug? | show 🗑
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| What are the maternal effects of cocaine? | show 🗑
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| show | *Intracranial bleeding *Stillbirth *Prematurity *IUGR *Irritability *Decreased interaction with environmental *Poor feeding reflexes *Decreased intellegence *Prune-belly syndrome caused by absence of abdominal muscles
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| show | *Malnutrition *Tachycardia *Vasoconstriction
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| What are the fetal effects of amphetamines? | show 🗑
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| show | *Spontaneous abortion *PROM *Preterm labor *Increased incidence of STDs, HIV exposure, and hepatitis
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| What are the fetal effects of opioids? | show 🗑
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| Most traumas during pregnancy occur because of what reasons? | show 🗑
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| show | infant neurologic deficits
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| show | Death of the mother
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| While a mother suffering trauma is in bed, what can be done to increase bloodflow to placenta? | show 🗑
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| What is the Priority for management of trauma OB patients? | show 🗑
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| What is FDA Pregnancy Risk Category A? | show 🗑
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| What is FDA Pregnancy Risk Category B? | show 🗑
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| show | animal reproduction studies have shown an adverse effect on the fetus, but no adequate, well-controlled studies have been done in humans. Potential benefits may warrant use of drug in pregnant women despite fetal risks.
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| What is FDA Pregnancy Risk Category D? | show 🗑
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| show | positive evidence of human fetal risk based on human studies and/or adverse reaction date. Risks of using drug clearly outweigh potential benefits.
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| Fill in the blanks: The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has assigned _______ ________ _______ to many drugs on the basis of their known relative safety or danger to the fetus | show 🗑
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| show | diet controlled
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| What is A-2 gestational diabetes? | show 🗑
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| show | *Spontaneous abortions *Preeclampsia is 2x to 3x more likely *UTIs *Hydramnios and PROM *Injury to the birth canal *Cesarean birth rate *postpartum hemorrhage
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| Untreated ketoacidosis can lead to what? | show 🗑
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| show | 2x to 6x more likely
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| show | *Hypoglycemia *Hypocalcemia *Hyperbilirubinemia *Respiratory Distress Syndrome
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| show | Between 24 and 28 weeks of gestation?
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| show | *Drink 50 gm of oral glucose solution (fasting isn't necessary) *Blood sample is taken one hour later *Blood glucose > 140 mg/dl, a 3-hour glucose tolerance test is done
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| In a pregnant woman with diabetes, how often are blood glucose levels taken? | show 🗑
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| In a pregnant woman with diabetes, how often is blood glucose checked during labor? | show 🗑
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| What is the goal for glucose levels during labor? | show 🗑
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| When are fetal assessments started in a pregnant mother with diabetis and why? | show 🗑
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| Heart disease complicates what percentage of all pregnancies? | show 🗑
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| What form of child delivery is recommended for a woman with heart disease? | show 🗑
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| show | Forceps or vacuum
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| What positions can the woman be placed in during labor to enhance respiratory effort and improve circulation? | show 🗑
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| If the heart of a PT with pre-existing heart disease cannot meet demands of pregnancy, what heart condition can result? | show 🗑
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| What is the hemaglobin level that is considered anemic during the 1st and 3rd trimester? | show 🗑
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| What is the hemaglobin level that is considered anemic during the 2nd trimester? | show 🗑
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| show | 1000mg qDay
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| show | *Pallor *Fatigue *Lethargy *Pica *RBCs are microcytic and hypochromic.
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| What does profound maternal anemia do to the fteus? | show 🗑
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| show | Folic acid is essential for synthesis of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), cell growth and duplication
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| What does a deficiency in folic acid result in? | show 🗑
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| What are the best dietary sources of folic acid? | show 🗑
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| show | Genetic disorder where there is an abnormality in one of two chains of hemoglobin, the alpha or the beta chain which leads to alterations in the RBC membrane and decreases the lifespan of the RBC
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| What are the two thalassemia traits? | show 🗑
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| What do woman with B-thalassemia cell disease need to be taught? | show 🗑
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| show | severe pain, pyelonephritis and jaundice
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| What does TORCH stand for? | show 🗑
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| show | May not be serious for mom but devastating for fetus
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| show | A protozoal infection (toxoplasma gondii) that is acquired by contact with cat feces, raw meat, or through placenta. It has mild flu like symptoms in the woman but is devastating for the fetus.
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| show | *Spontaneous abortion, still birth or neonatal death. *Blindness. *Retardation. *Congenital anomalies. *Enlarged liver and spleen. *Anemia. *Low birth weight.
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| What foods should a pregnant woman avoid to avoid toxoplasmosis? | show 🗑
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| How can Hepatitis B be transmitted? | show 🗑
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| show | *Prematurity *Low birth weight *Chronic liver disease *Neonatal death
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| show | bedrest and a high protein, low fat diet
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| show | hepatitis B immune globulin followed by hepatitis B vaccine within 12 hours of birth
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| When do infants born to women who are positive for hepatitis receive vaccination? | show 🗑
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| How is rubella transmitted? | show 🗑
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| When is rubella the greatest risk to the fetus? | show 🗑
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| What are the fetal/neonatal effects of rubella? | show 🗑
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| Why is the newborn with rubella highly infectious? | show 🗑
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| show | 2-3 months after immunization because of the risks to the fetus associated with the live vaccine
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| show | *Bodily fluids *Breast milk *Stool *Crosses placenta
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| show | *Mental retardation *Blindness *Seizures *Deafness *Enlarged spleen and liver *Jaundice *IUGR
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| What is the Tx of Cytomegalovirus? | show 🗑
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| What must be done with infants with Cytomegalovirus? | show 🗑
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| How is herpes spread? | show 🗑
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| What are the fetal/neonatal effects of herpes if mother has her first infection during pregnancy? | show 🗑
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| Herpes infections at birth can result in what? | show 🗑
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| show | *Unstable temperature *Lethargy *Poor feeding *Jaundice *Seizures *Lesions which resemble those of the adult
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| show | C-section
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| show | False. Mothers may breastfeed as long as there are no active lesions on the breasts
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| What is the most common manifestation of maternal syphilis? | show 🗑
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| What are the fetal/neonatal effects of syphilis? | show 🗑
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| show | *Gonorrhea *Chlamydia *Trichomoniasis *Bacterial vaginosis *Candidiasis
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| show | Blindness (ophthalmia neonatorum)
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| show | Endocervicitis and weakness of the fetal membranes may cause premature rupture of the membrane or pre-term birth
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| show | Prophylactic eye treatment with erythromycin ointment at birth
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| What are the neonatal effects of chlamydia? | show 🗑
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| show | Premature Rupture Of Membrane (PROM)
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| What are the fetal/neonatal effects of genital warts? | show 🗑
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| What are the S/Sx of laryngeal papillomas in the neonate? | show 🗑
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| What are the neonatal effects of candidiasis? | show 🗑
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| What are the neonatal effects of bacterial vaginosis? | show 🗑
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| show | 25%-35%
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| show | *Weight loss and loss of appetite *Nausea/vomiting/diarrhea *Fever and night sweats *Cough, SOB and sore throat
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| show | *Enlargement of the liver and spleen *Lymphadenopathy *Failure to thrive *Persistent thrush *Presence of chronic bacterial infections such as meningitis and pneumonia
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| What is the survival time of the infant with AIDS? | show 🗑
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