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Definitions to know

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Question
Answer
Absolute zero   show
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show The process by which a substance is soaked up  
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show A substance that can give a proton to another substance. Acids are compounds, cont H, that can attack and dissolve many substances. Desc as weak or strong, dilute or concentrated, mineral or organic.  
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show A solution with a pH lower than 7  
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Acidity   show
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show The negative ion left behind when an acid loses a Hydrogen ion. E.g. Cl- in HCL  
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Acid Salt   show
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Aerobe   show
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show Any of 20 basic bldg blocks of proteins - composed of a free amino (NH2) end, a free carboxyl (COOH) end, and a side group (R).  
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show Organism that grows in the absence of oxygen  
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show ability of microorganism to produce a protein that disables antibiotic or prevents transport of antibiotic to cell  
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Antibiotic   show
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show An immunoglobin protein produced by B-lymphocytes of the immune system that binds to specific antigen molecule.  
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Anticodon   show
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Antigen   show
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show Surface feature of a microorganism or macromolecule, such as a glycoprotein, that elicits an immune response  
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Antimicrobial agent   show
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Asexual reproduction   show
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show A chromosome that is not involved in sex de-termination  
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Bacillus   show
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Backcross   show
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Bacteriocide   show
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Bacteriophage   show
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show Class of antibiotics that prevents growth of bacterial cells.  
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show Single-celled, microscopic prokaryotic organism: a single cell organism w/o a distinct nucleus.  
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show Pair of complementary nitrogenous bases in a DNA molecule--A-T G-C. Also, the unit of measurement for DNA sequences.  
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show Agents (such as vaccines) that give immunity to diseases or harmful biotic stresses.  
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Carcinogen   show
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show Malignant tumor derived from epithelial tissue, which forms the skin and outer cell layers of internal organs.  
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Catalyst   show
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Catalytic Antibody (ABENZYME)   show
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show natural or synthetic RNA mol that cuts an RNA substrate  
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show Positively charged ion  
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show Usu the location in the world where the oldest cultivation of a particular crop has been identified  
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show Central portion of the chromosome to which the spindle fibers attach during mitotic and meiotic division  
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show Treatment for cancers that involves administering chemicals toxic to malignant cells.  
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Chloramphenicol   show
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show Each of the 2 daughter strands of a duplicated chromosome joined at the centromere during mitosis and meiosis.  
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show Group of three nucleotides that specifies addition of one of the 20 amino acids during translation of an mRNA into a polypeptide.  
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Coenzyme (cofactor)   show
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show Group of identical cells (clones) derived from a single progenitor cell.  
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show The joining of two bacteria cells when genetic material is transferred from one bacterium to another.  
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Cross-Hybridization   show
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Crossing-over   show
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Cross-pollination   show
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Culture   show
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show Unit of measurement equal to the mass of a hydrogen atom (Avagadro's number) 1.67x10E-24 gram/L  
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show Final growth phase, during which nutrients have been depleted and cell number decreases.  
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show TO induce structural alterations that disrupt the biological activity of a mol. Often refers to breaking hydrogen bonds btw base pairs in ds nucleic acid mols  
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show High-speed centrifugation in which mols "float" at a point where their density equals that in a grasient of cesium chloride or sucrose.  
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Dideoxynucleotide (didN)   show
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Digest   show
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show Cell containing 2 copies of each chromosome  
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show An organic acid and polymer composed of 4 nitrogenous bases; linked via intervening units of phosphate and the pentose sugar deoxyribose. Genetic material of most organisms.  
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DNA sequencing   show
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show gene whose phenotype is present in a single copy  
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show Gene that stimulates cell proliferation and contributes to oncogenesis when present in a single copy.  
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show Allele is said to be dominant if it is expressed in phenotype in the presence of a recessive allele  
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show Desc the coiling of the antiparallel strands of the DNA molecule.  
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show duplex DNA mol copied from a cDNA template.  
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Ecology   show
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Ecosystem   show
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show Technique of separating charged molecules in a matrix to which is applied in an electrical field.  
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Electroporation   show
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Endophyte   show
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show Proteins that control the various steps of all chemical reactions  
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show Org. possessing a nucleus and other membrane-bound vessicles - protist, fungi, plant and animal kingdoms  
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Evolution   show
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show The DNA sequences extendingon either side of a specific locus or gene.  
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Fungus   show
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show The addition of one or more copies of a normal gene into a defective chromosome.  
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Gene   show
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show The manipulation of an organism's genetic endowment by introducing or eliminating specific genes through modern molecular biology technologies.  
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Genetic marker   show
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Genotype   show
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Genus   show
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Growth factor   show
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show A cell containing only one set, or half the usual (diploid) number of chromosomes.  
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Hemophilia   show
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show Chromosomes that have the same linear arrangement of genes--a pair of matching chromossomes in a diploid organism.  
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show Exchange of DNA fragments between two DNA molecules or chromatids of paired chromosomes (during cross over)at the site of identical nucleotide sequences.  
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Host   show
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Hydrogen Bond   show
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show A reaction in which a molecule of water is added at the site of cleavage of a molecule to two products.  
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In situ   show
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In vivo   show
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Incomplete dominance   show
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Insulin   show
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show A family of small proteins that stimulate viral resistance in cells.  
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show The destruction of the cell membrane  
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Malignant   show
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Meiosis   show
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Messenger RNA (mRNA)   show
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Metabolism   show
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Mitosis   show
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show The study of the biochemical and molecular interactions within living cells.  
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Mutagen   show
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show An alteration in DNA structure or sequence of a gene.  
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Natural selection   show
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show deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA) are made up of long chains of molecules called nucleotides.  
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show A building block of DNA and RNA, consisting of a nitrogenous base, a five-carbon sugar, and a phosphate group. Together, the nucleotides form codons, which when strung together form genes, which in turn link to form chromosomes.  
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OSHA   show
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show A cell structure that carries out a specialized function in the life of a cell.  
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show female gamete  
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show The closest association of two or more dissimilar organisms where the association is harmful to at least one.  
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Pathogen   show
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Persistence   show
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Phenotype   show
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show A class of lipid mols in which a phosphate group is linked to a glycerol and two fatty acyl groups. A chief component of biological membranes.  
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Plaque   show
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Polymer   show
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Polypeptide (protein)   show
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Polysaccharide   show
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Primary cell   show
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Prokaryote   show
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Protease   show
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show A polymer of amino acids linked via peptide bonds and which may be composed of two or more polypeptide chains.  
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show Characterized as having a phenotype expressed only when both copies of the gene are mutated or missing.  
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Recombinant DNA   show
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Recombinant   show
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Retrovirus   show
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Reverse genetics   show
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Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)   show
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show Organic acid c/o repeating nucleotide units of a, g, c, and uracil, whose ribose components are linked by phosphodiester bonds  
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Sexual reproduction   show
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show Vaccine c/o a purified antigenic determinant that is separated from the virulent organism.  
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Synapsis   show
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Taq polymerase   show
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Telomere   show
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show The process of creating a complementary RNA copy of DNA.  
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Vaccine   show
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show an autonomously replicating DNA mol into which foreign DNA fragments are inserted and then propagated in a host cell. Also living carriers of genetic material from plants to plant, i.e. insects.  
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Virulence   show
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show Infectious particle composed of a protein capsule and a nucleic acid core, which is dependent on a host org for replication A ds DNA copy of an RNA virus genome that is integrated into the host chrom during lysogenic infection.  
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Wild type   show
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show a genetic disease caused by a mutation on the X chromosome. In such recessive conditions- a normal female "carrier" passes on mutated X chrom to an affected son.  
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show injury to the integrity of the skin resulting in skin loss  
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Abrupt   show
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Abscess   show
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show the deliberate effort to refrain from an action  
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show low level of Carbon Dioxide (CO2) in the blood  
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Accept   show
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show the freedom to use something as one chooses; the permission or ability to enter or approach a specific area  
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show responsible for actions or explanations  
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show Inflammation of the skin related to glands and hair  
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Adenoiditis   show
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Adhere   show
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show in a contrary fashion; can cause harm; may also refer to something that is in opposition to one's interests  
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show baldness  
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Amenorrhea   show
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show duration of a single year; an occurrence that takes place once each year  
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Anorchism   show
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Anoxia   show
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show frontal position  
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show frontal to back positioning  
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show No urine production  
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show no voice  
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Apnea   show
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show to put something to use; having a relevant or valid connection to something else  
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show Abnormal expansion of the lung  
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show capable of being heard  
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show Elevated or excessive level of nitrogen substrates and urea in urine  
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show the growth from a deep tissue; refers to cond's that arise from factors that are internal to an organism  
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Endoscopy   show
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show Uncontrollable urination  
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show related to the skin  
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show Inflammation of the epididymis  
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Epididymis   show
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Epithelial   show
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Epithelioma   show
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show redness in appearance  
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Erythrocyte   show
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Erythrocytosis   show
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show redness of the skin  
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Eupnea   show
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Exacerbate   show
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Excess   show
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show the growth from superficial or shallow tissue; refers to conditions caused by factors external to an organism  
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Exposure   show
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show being outside the human body; existing outside the confines of a specific space or institution  
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show tumor made of fibrous cells  
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show Malignant tumor made of fibrous cells  
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show crack in skin's integrity; cleft or groove on the surface of an organ; lineal fault on a bony surface that occurs during development of a part  
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show the state of not being firm; lacking vigor, force or youthful firmness  
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Flush   show
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show something wide open or exposed  
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Hepatosalpinx   show
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show inflammation of sweat glands  
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HIV   show
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show taking up of elements with the aid of water; constant supply of fluids  
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Hydrosalpinz   show
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show the science of health-inducing practices  
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show removal of the hypmen  
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Hyperplasia   show
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show decreased level of CO2 in the blood stream  
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Hypodermic   show
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Hypoplasia   show
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show limited O2 in the bloodstream  
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Hysteropexy   show
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Iatrology   show
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show arrival of something at a surface; something that occurs or affects something else  
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Induration   show
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show below a point of origin  
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Inflamed   show
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Ingest   show
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Insidious   show
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Intact   show
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Internal   show
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Invasive   show
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show cellular unit with a nucleus  
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Keloid   show
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show creation of horny like tissue appearance  
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show unstable; constantly undergoing chemical or physical change or breakdown  
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show wound with irregular borders; jagged  
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Latent   show
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Lateral   show
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Leiodermia   show
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show tumor made of smooth muscle cells  
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Leiomyosarcoma   show
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Lethargic   show
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show white blood cell  
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show elevated wbc's  
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Lipoid   show
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show tumor composed of fat  
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show malignant tumor made of fat cells  
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Lithotripsy   show
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show lower back region  
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Mammoplasty   show
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Mammotome   show
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Manifestation   show
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Mastitis   show
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Mastectomy   show
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show drooping of breast  
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show start of menstruation  
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show flow of blood during menstruation, and between cycles  
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show malignant black tumor  
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Melanoma   show
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Metastasis   show
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Metrorrhea   show
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show voiding or urination  
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Myometritis   show
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Myopathy   show
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Necrosis   show
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show new-sprung disease  
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show removal of a kidney  
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show x-ray of the kidney  
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Nephrolysis   show
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Nephropexy   show
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show kidney tumor  
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Nephromegaly   show
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Nephroptosis   show
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Nephrostomy   show
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Neuroma   show
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Nocturia   show
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show something that provides nourishment  
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Bilateral   show
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cast   show
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Compensatory   show
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Complication   show
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show rounded invard  
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Consistency   show
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Constrict   show
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Contingent   show
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show Shape or outline of a shape  
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show Reason why something is not advisable or should not be done  
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show expel feces  
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Deficit   show
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Depress   show
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Diameter   show
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show enlarge or expand  
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Distended   show
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Inflamed   show
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show An indication or sign of a condition  
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Nutrient   show
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show Given through or affecting the mouth  
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show Obvious, easily observed  
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Parameter   show
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show Beginning suddenly or abruptly  
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Patent   show
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show Producing a strong effect  
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show preventative measure  
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show Rapidly uncontrolled  
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show to make more susceptible or more likely to occur  
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Preexisting   show
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show anticipated or expected course or outcome  
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rationale   show
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Untoward   show
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show excrete urine  
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Volume   show
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Abdominopelvic   show
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Absorption   show
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show Protein making up the I band of the sacromere  
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show building block of proteins  
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Antibody   show
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ATP   show
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Atria   show
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show Produced in the liver to emulsify fat in the stomach  
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Cartilage   show
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show gland of the ear that produces ear wax  
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Chromosomes   show
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show Small hairlike projections on some cells  
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show central nervous system: brain and spinal cord  
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Coronal Plane   show
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Cranial cavity   show
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Diaphragm   show
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show mvmt of materials from high concentration to lower concentration  
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Dorsal Horn   show
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show electrocardiogram, a record of the electrical activity of the heart  
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Embryo   show
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show inner lining of the uterus  
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show functional proteins; usu end in "ase"  
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Foramen Magnum   show
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Glucose   show
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Homeostasis   show
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Hypothalamus   show
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Joints   show
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Keratin   show
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Keratinized Epithelium   show
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show found within villi of intestinal wall, where fat nutrients are absorbed  
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Adjective   show
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Adverb   show
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Article   show
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show a group of words that are related and contain both a subject and verb  
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show the noun or pronoun that recieves the action of the verb and answers the question whom or what  
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Noun   show
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show the noun, pronoun, phrase, or clause to which the prep refers  
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Phrase   show
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show a pronoun used to indicate ownership  
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Preposition   show
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show a word that replaces and refers to a noun  
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subject   show
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Verb   show
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show the noun that a pronoun refers to e.g. Mom went to the store before I could remind her to buy milk. Mom is the antecedent  
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Coordinating conjunctions   show
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show a word that joins two or more clauses and makes the clause that contains it dependent on another clause; making the clause that cont the sub conj of less importance E.g. because, though, although, as, as if, when, and while  
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Nominalization   show
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Active verbs   show
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show the part of the sentence that tells what the subject does or what is done to the subject. It includes the verb and all the words that modify the verb.  
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show an adj that follows a linking verb and helps to explain the subject. E.g. My professors are wonderful.  
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show Noun or pronoun that follows a linking verb and helps to explain the subject E.g. Professors are teachers.  
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Ligaments   show
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Median Plane   show
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Mediastinum   show
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show the sum total uses of ATP in the body  
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show A protein that makes up nearly half of the proteins in muscle cells  
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orbits   show
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show A structurally discrete component of a cell that performs a specific fx  
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show Measurement associated with acids and bases pH=-log(Ah) based on the activity (Ah) of hydrogen ions dissolved in a solution  
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show Engulfing of materials by wbc's in the body  
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Plasma   show
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show Blood flow through a network of vessels between the heart and the lungs for the oxygenation of blood and the removal of carbon dioxide  
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Ribosome   show
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show An imaginary line running from front to back that divides the body into right and left portions  
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show Organelle of the muscle fiber that stores Calcium  
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Sebaceous glands   show
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show backbone that houses and protects the spinal cord  
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show Layer of tissue under the dermis that contains adipose tissue  
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Sudoriferous Glands   show
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show Loose, connective tissue that llines the joint cavity  
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systemic circulation   show
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Thoracic Cavity   show
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show Imaginary line dividing the body or body parts into top and bottom portions  
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vasoconstriction   show
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Vasodilation   show
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show The anterior columns of the gray matter of the spinal cord  
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ventricles   show
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show fertilized egg, from the time it is fertilized to implantation  
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Average speed   show
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show speed in a specific direction  
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Acceleration   show
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show 9.8 m/sec2  
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show a body at rest will remain at rest, and a body in motion will remain in motion, unless acted on by an unbalance force F=ka  
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Newton's Second Law of Motion   show
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Newton's Third Law of Motion   show
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Friction   show
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Crest   show
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Trough   show
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show Maximum displacement from equilibrium  
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show Distance between successive identical parts of a wave  
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Frequency   show
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show positive focal lengths form a variety of image shapes, sizes and orientation depending on the focal length of the mirror where the obj is place.  
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show negative focal lengths smaller and upright  
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show 1. Problem identification 2. Question asked 3. Hypothesis developed 4. Data collection & experimentation 5. analysis 6. conclusion  
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show the process of wbc's squeezing through the cappilary slits in response to cytokines, occurs, followwed by cellular adhesion molecules (CAM's) guiding the wbc's to the site of injury or infection  
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