Analysis and Monitoring of Gas Exchange
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| show | Discrete measurements of fluids or tissue that must be removed from the body.
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| What is monitoring? | show 🗑
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| What is a monitor? | show 🗑
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| show | An inexpensive and portable, noninvasive monitoring device that provides estimates of arterial blood oxyhemoglobin saturation levels.
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| show | detects oxygen saturation
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| show | Measurement of color in a solution by determining the amount of light absorbed in the ultraviolet, infrared, or visible spectrum, widely used in clinical chemistry to calculate the concentration of substances in a solution.
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| According to the principles of spectophotometry... | show 🗑
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| Plethysmography detects | show 🗑
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| What is plethysmography? | show 🗑
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| A pulse oximeter consists of a | show 🗑
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| show | Nail Polish
Low Blood Pressure (low perfusion)
Dopamine (vasoconstrictors)
Hypothermia
Motion artifact
ethnicity
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| What is the #1 thing that causes a pulse ox not to work correctly? | show 🗑
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| Sa02 and Sp02 should be roughly | show 🗑
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| show | hemoximetry
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| show | pulse oximetry
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| A pulse oximeter measures | show 🗑
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| What are the advantages of pulse oximetry? | show 🗑
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| show | spectophotometry
plethysmography
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| show | 2 light beams and a photodetector
(Red/Infrared)
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| show | Fingers/Toes
Ear Lobes
Bridge of Nose
Forehead
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| show | 20 seconds
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| show | The device and 02 liter flow.
Date, time, position, Fi02, placement site, compare with ABG results.
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| What are the pulse oximetry indications? | show 🗑
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| What are the contraindications? | show 🗑
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| What are hazards/complications of pulse oximetry? | show 🗑
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| show | Motion artifact
low perfusion states
dysfunctional hgbs
intravascular dyes
lighting
skin pigmentation
nail polish/coverings
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| show | +- 3-5 %
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| The lower the Sa02 value the less reliable the | show 🗑
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| What are the qualifiers for home oxygen? | show 🗑
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| show | The measurement of C02 in respiratory gases.
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| Capnometer | show 🗑
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| Capnography | show 🗑
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| show | portion of inhaled air that does not take place in gas exchange.
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| Capnography is used primarily | show 🗑
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| show | ventilation
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| show | highest level of c02
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| Capnography mesures | show 🗑
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| PETCO2 | show 🗑
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| What are the advantages of capnography? | show 🗑
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| What is principal of capnography? | show 🗑
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| show | Infrared absorption and a photodetector.
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| show | Mainstream/sidestream
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| show | are inserted directly in line with the ventilator circuit
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| Sidestream sampling systems are | show 🗑
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| C02 absorbs | show 🗑
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| Because C02 absorbs infrared radiation, the greater the concentration of C02 in the sample | show 🗑
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| What are advantages of mainstream capnometers | show 🗑
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| What are disadvantages of mainstream capnometers? | show 🗑
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| show | No bulky sensors or heaters at airway
Ability to measure N20
Disposable sample line
Ability to use with nonintubated patients
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| What are disadvantages of sidestream capnometers? | show 🗑
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| show | sudden increase in Cardiac output
sudden release of tourniquet.
Injection of sodium bicarbonate.
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| What are gradual changes associated with High PETCo2? | show 🗑
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| What are sudden conditions associated with low PETC02 | show 🗑
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| show | Hyperventilation
decrease in oxygen consumption
decreased pulmonary perfusion
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| You should use capnography as a | show 🗑
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| show | Monitor exhaled C02 (use value as a trend)
Evaluate response to therapuetic or diagnostic procedure.
Monitor severity of pulmonary disease.
Determine tracheal intubation.
Monitor ventilator circuit/artificial airway integrity.
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| show | Evaluate ventilator and patient interface.
Monitor adequacy of blood flow.
Monitor respiratory C02 when administered therapuetically.
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| show | None
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| show | False values
Positioning
Weight
Increased deadspace.
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| What are the limitations? | show 🗑
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| If there is a leak you may have | show 🗑
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| The difference of PaC02 and PETC02 increase | show 🗑
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| show | Expiratory pure deadspace
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| show | mixture of deadspace/ventilatory CO2
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| Stage III of capnograph curve | show 🗑
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| Stage IV of capnograph curve | show 🗑
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| show | Calormetric C02 detector
Mass spectometer
Raman Spectroscopy.
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| show | to yellow if C02 is detected
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| In healthy adults PETCO2 is 1-5 mm HG less than | show 🗑
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| Transcutaneous monitoring is primarily used in | show 🗑
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| show | time intensive
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| show | Pa02 and PaC02
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| show | clark electrode
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| show | Severinghause electrode
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| show | non-invasive
continuous
can monitor hyperoxygination
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| What is the principle of transcutaneous monitoring? | show 🗑
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| show | abdomen
chest
lower back
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| Transcutaneous monitoring | show 🗑
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| What are the indications of transcutaneous monitoring? | show 🗑
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| What are the contraindications of transcutaneous monitoring? | show 🗑
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| show | 0
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| Transcutaneous monitoring must correlate with | show 🗑
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| Transcutaneous monitoring doesn't reflect | show 🗑
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| show | False values
tissue/skin erythema
blisters
burns
skin tears
must change site every 2-6 hours
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| show | prolonged stabilization required
low perfusion states
skin thickness
improper electrode placement
improper calibration
labor intensive
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| What are ABG indications? | show 🗑
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| What are the puncture sites? | show 🗑
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| show | risky, huge veins and arteries, a fibrinolytic automatically rules out femoral sticks.
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| show | Collateral circulation
superficial and easy to palpate
Is the number 1 artery for sticking
Not near large veins.
Relatively pain free
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| The brachial artery is | show 🗑
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| Modified allens test | show 🗑
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| What are the contraindications for ABG? | show 🗑
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| What are the hazards/complications? | show 🗑
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| show | syringes
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| Arterial blood gas supplies | show 🗑
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| What do you chart on your blood gas? | show 🗑
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| Pre-analytical errors occur | show 🗑
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| show | while running the machine
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| Pre- analytical errors | show 🗑
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| show | Excessive heparin- makes the sample more acidic. You'll see visable froth
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| show | incorrect callibration
error in sampling
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| Blood gas analyzers are calibrated at | show 🗑
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| Pa02 changes7% for each | show 🗑
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| PaC02 changes 4% for each | show 🗑
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| show | continuous ABP monitoring
Repeated ABGs
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| show | radial
brachial
femoral
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| show | starter sheath
pressure transducer
high pressure tubing and pressure bag
3 way stop cock
flush
tape or sutures
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| show | prevents blood from coming out of the body
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| show | 300 mm HG or 50 mmHG above systolic ABP
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| show | gloves and safety syringes
2 syringes (waste/ABG syringe)
syringe plug
gauze bad
cup of ice
label
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| show | same as abg
#1 complication is clotting
infection is a complication
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| The CBG is an alternative to the | show 🗑
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| The CBG gives a | show 🗑
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| How is the procedure done? | show 🗑
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| show | the same as ABG sampling
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| Which population uses the CBG? | show 🗑
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| CBGs should be avoid in | show 🗑
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| The sites for the CBG include the | show 🗑
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| show | the operator interface
measuring chamber
calibrating gas tanks
reagent containers
waste/disposable container
transmittal system
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| The operator interface includes | show 🗑
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| Measuring Chamber | show 🗑
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| show | Reference chamber and measuring chamber
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| Measured values | show 🗑
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| What are the derived values? | show 🗑
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| ABG analysis process? | show 🗑
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| Quality assurance accreddidation | show 🗑
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| Purpose of quality assurance | show 🗑
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| show | record keeping, performance validation, preventative maintenance, automated calibration, calibration verification, remedial action, documentation
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Created by:
kparkerlehman
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