Disorders: musculoskeletal, digestive, cardiovascular, neurolotical
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| Esophageal atresia | show 🗑
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| show | may be developmental in infants, or acquired later in life, usually b/c of fibrous scar tissue; the pyloric muscle is hypertrophied & can be palpated as a hard mass in the abd.
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| show | "inflammation in the stomach"; atrophy of the mucosa of stomach, w/loss of secretory glands; seen in indviduals w/PUD, alcohol abuse, and aging; Also Autoimmune disorders are associated; loss of parietal cells leads to achlorhydria & lack of Vit B-12
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| show | a common fungal infection that occurs in people who have taken broad spectrum atibiotics, cancer chemotherapy, or glucocorticoids & in those who have diabetes or are immunosuppressed; may appear as red, swollen and white curdlike material on mucosa
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| show | common form of demetia' changes in progressive cortical atrophy, which leads to dilated ventricles * widening of sulci, particularily in parietal & frontal lobes; deficit of ACh occurs
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| show | an inherited disorder that does not manifest until midlife: maternal inheritance delays onset longer than inheritance from fathers. Progressive atrophy of the brain occurs. w/degeneration of neurons: depletion of GABA, ACh
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| show | "Lou Gehrig's disease" amyotrophic=muscle wasying,; sclerosis=degenerative hardening of lateral corticospinal tracts; affects upper motor neurons in cerebral cortex & lower motor neurons in brainstem & spinal cord. s/s spastic paralysis, hyperreflexia,
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| Parkinsons' disease | show 🗑
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| Peptic Ulcer Disease | show 🗑
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| Ulcerative colitis | show 🗑
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| Cirrhosis of the liver | show 🗑
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| show | may form spontaneously usually b/c of stasis of blood or increased coagulabitlity of blood, or clot may from over an inflamed vein; Common in legs or pelvis. Piece of thrombus may break aways, an embolus to the heart of lungs (PE).
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| Hepatitis | show 🗑
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| show | Inflammation of pancreas resulting from autodigestion of tissues; acute or chronic; autodigestion follow premature activiation of pancreatic proenzymes w/in the pancreas; (trypsin, proteases amylase & lipase); Massive Inflammation process
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| show | caused from being connected w/gastric veins & cirrhosis of the liver increasing the pressure of blood that extends into the esophageal veins, creating large distended & distorted veins near the mucosal surface of the esophagus; Complication hemorrhage
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| show | affects digestive tract, frequently small intestines. inflammation occurs (skip lesions) with affected segments clearly separated by normal tissue. Mucosal inflammation leads to ulcers that tend to coalesce to form fissures; Obstucts intrinsic factor
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| Multiple sclerosis | show 🗑
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| show | `X-linked recessive (only males); a metabolic defect, a deficit of dystrophin, a muscle cell membrane protein, leads to degeneration/necrosis of cell; skeletal muscle fiberas are replaced by fat/fibrous connective tissue; muscle funtions is lost
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| show | vertebral joints first become inflamed; fibrosis, calcificatin or fusion of joints follow; the result is ankylosis or fixation of the joints. Inflammtion begins in the lower back (sacrial joint) progresses up the spince, causing a "poker back"
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| Rheumatoid arthritis | show 🗑
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| Gout | show 🗑
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| Cholelithiasis | show 🗑
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| show | mature bone cells (osteoblasts) tha lie b/t rings of matrix in spaces called lacunae.
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| show | new bone forming cells
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| Osteoclasts | show 🗑
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| Stem cells | show 🗑
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| Hepatits A (infectious) | show 🗑
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| Hepatitis B (serum) | show 🗑
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| show | insidious onset in adults thru blood & parenteral routes; most common from blood transfusions; single stranded RNA virus; incuation pd of 2 wks-6 mths (usually 9 wks)
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| Heptitis E | show 🗑
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| Toxic Hepatits | show 🗑
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| Hepatitis Chronic non-infectious | show 🗑
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| Baroreceptors | show 🗑
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| show | the stretch of ventricular muscle fiber @ the end of diastole; Cardiac output increases; reflected by ventricular pressure & volume @ the part of the cardiace cycle.
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| Glycogenosis | show 🗑
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| Achalasia | show 🗑
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| Myelomeningocele | show 🗑
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| Steatorrhea | show 🗑
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| show | secretes gastrin when food enters the stomach & stimulates parietal & cheif cells
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| Mucous cells | show 🗑
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| show | secrestes hydrochloric acid (Hcl) and produces intrinsic factor; located in fundus
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| show | secrete pesinogen; located in fundus
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| show | secrete digestive enzymes, electrolytes & water into tiny ducts & secrest hormones secretin & cholecystokinin.
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| show | secrete glucagon & indulin
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| show | 2-6 mg/dl
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| show | direst = max 0.3 mg/dl; indirect = 0.1 - 1.0 mg/dl
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| show | 8 - 20 U/L (males); 81 - 40 U/L (females)
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| show | 98 - 251 U/L (males); 81 - 312 U/L in females
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| show | Male; live in western countrym familial incidence of duodenal ulcers, stress & anxiety, trauma, aging & blood group O.
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| show | prevalent in adults 20-4-; runs in family; immune disorders; infections; allergies; obstructions
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| Cholelithiasis - Predisposing factors | show 🗑
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| show | anorexia, N/V, hematemesis, epigastic pain, cramps, fever, HA, diarrhea
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| show | milds epigastric discomfort, anorexia or inolerance for certain foods; increase risk for peptic ulcers & gastric carcinoma
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| Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) - signs and symptoms | show 🗑
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| show | severe waves of pain on RUQ or epigastric area sometimes radiating to back & right shoulder, N/V, jaundice, belching, & bloating, clay colored stoolds, chills, fever, light-headedness
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| Acute pancreatitis - signs and symptoms | show 🗑
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| Appendicitis - signs and symptoms | show 🗑
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| show | mastication of food; adds saliva for digestion
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| show | swallowing ood; carries bolus to stomach
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| Digestion - Stomach | show 🗑
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| show | bile emulsifies fat; pancreatic secretions; intestinal secretions, which digest fat, protein & carbs; absorbs nutrients; most digetion t akes place.
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| show | absorbes water & electrolyes
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| show | storage until defecation
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| Accessory Glands/organs - Liver | show 🗑
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| show | store & concentrate bile produced liver
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| Accessory Glands/Organs | show 🗑
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| show | involves skin breakage; bone frgments may be angles & protude thru skin; more damage to soft tissue, including blood vessels & nerves; higher risk for infection
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| show | skin is not broken
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| show | bone is broken to form tow or more seperate pieces
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| show | bone is only partially broken
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| Greenstick fracture | show 🗑
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| show | single break in bone & bone ends maintain alignment & position
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| show | bone is crushed or collapsed into tiny pieces; common in certebraie
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| Impacted fracture | show 🗑
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| show | results from weakness in bone structure d/t condition; spontaneous fracture w/very little sress to the bone.
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| Stress (fatigue) fractures | show 🗑
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| Depressed fracture | show 🗑
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| show | a fraction across the bone
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| show | break along axis of bone
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| show | one at the angle to the diaphysis of the bone
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| Spiral fracture | show 🗑
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| show | a break in distal radius at wrist, sometimes ulnar is damaged.
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| show | fracture of lower fibula d/t excessive stress on ankle; tibia may be damaged.
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