Biology 2401 Tissues and Itegumentary system
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| Groups of cells that are similar in structure and perform a common or related function are called ____. | show 🗑
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| show | Epithelial, connective, muscle and nervous tissue.
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| show | Epithelial tissue or Epithelium.
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| show | covering and lining epithelium and glandular epithelium.
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| show | covering and lining epithelium
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| show | glandular epithelium
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| show | epithelium.
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| Classification of epithelia. | show 🗑
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| What are the three common shapes of epithelial cells. | show 🗑
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| show | simple epithelia
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| show | stratified epithelia
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| show | squamous cells
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| show | cuboidal cells
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| show | columnar cells.
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| show | simple squamous epithelium
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| show | Endothelium
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| show | Mesothelium
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| ____ consist of a single layer of cells as tall as they are wide. The important function of this are secretion and absorption. | show 🗑
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| show | simple columnar epithelium
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| What are the locations of simple squamous, cuboidal, columnar and pseudostratified columnar epithelium. | show 🗑
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| show | stratified squamous epithelium
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| show | stratified cuboidal epithelium
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| ____also has a limited distribution in the body. small amounts are found in the pharynx, the male urethra, and lining some glandular ducts. | show 🗑
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| ____ forms the lining of hollow urinary organs, which stretch as they fill with urine. | show 🗑
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| show | stratified squamous epitheliun: Esophagus, mouth and vagina; Transitional epithelium: Lines the ureters, urinary bladder, and part of the urethra.
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| A ___ consist of one or more cells that make and secrete a particular product. This product called a ____, is an aqueous fluid that usually contains proteins but there is variation. | show 🗑
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| Because ____ eventually lose their ducts, they are often called ductless glands. They produce hormones, regulatory chemicals that they secrete by exocytosis directly into the extracellular space. | show 🗑
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| ___ are numerous, and many of their products are familiar. They secrete their products onto body surfaces (skin) or into body cavities. | show 🗑
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| show | unicellular exocrine glands
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| show | multicellular exocrine glands
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| ____ is found everywhere in the body. It is the most abundant and widely distributed of the primary tissues, but its amount in particular organs varies. | show 🗑
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| Four main classes of connective tissue. | show 🗑
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| The major functions of connective tissue. | show 🗑
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| common characteristics of connective tissue. | show 🗑
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| show | ground substance, and fibers.
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| show | collagen fibers, elastic fibers, and reticular fibers.
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| ____ is the unstructured material that fills the space between the cells and contains the fibers. | show 🗑
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| ____ are extremely tough and provide high tensile strength to the matrix. | show 🗑
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| show | elastic fibers
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| show | reticular fibers
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| show | connective tissue proper-fibroblast, cartilage-chondroblast, bone-osteoblast, and blood-hematopoietic stem cells.
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| these white blood cells include defensive white blood cells and other cell types concerned with tissue response to injury, such as ____ and ____. This wide variety of cells is particularly obvious in our prototype, areolar connective tissue. | show 🗑
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| The oval ___ typically cluster along blood vessels. these cells act as sensitive sentinels to detect foreign microorganisms and initiate local inflammatory responses against them. | show 🗑
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| ___ are large irregularly shaped cells that avidly phagocytized a broad variety of foreign materials, ranging from foreign molecules to entire bacteria to dust particles. | show 🗑
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| Mature connective tissues arises from a common embryonic tissue, called ____, derived from embryonic mesoderm. It has a fluid ground substance containing fine sparse fibers and star-shaped ____. | show 🗑
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| connective tissue proper has two subclasses: the ___ and the ___. | show 🗑
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| show | areolar, adipose and reticular.
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| show | dense regular, dense irregular, and elastic.
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| show | areolar connective tissue
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| ____, flat, branching cells that appear spindle shaped in profile, predominate, but numerous macrophages are also seen and present a formidable barrier to invading microorganisms. | show 🗑
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| show | edema
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| show | Adipose (fat) tissue
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| show | adipocytes
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| ___ resembles areolar connective tissue, but the only fibers in its matrix are reticular fibers, which form a delicate network along which fibroblasts called ___. | show 🗑
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| ____ contains closely packed bundles of collagen fibers running in the same direction, parallel to the direction of pull. | show 🗑
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| With its enormous tensile strength, dense regular connective tissue forms the ___, which are cords that attach muscles to bones, and flat sheetlike tendons called ____ that attach muscles to other muscles or to bones. | show 🗑
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| ___ has the same structural elements as the regular variety.However, the bunle of collagen fibers are much thicker and they are arranged irregularly; that is they run in more than one plane. | show 🗑
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| show | Cartilage
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| show | chondrocytes
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| show | Hyaline cartilage
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| show | hyaline cartilage, elastic cartilage, and fibrocartilage
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| show | elastic cartilage
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| show | fibrocartilage
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| show | Bones or osseous tissue
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| Mature bone cells, or ___, reside in the lacunae within the matrix they have made. | show 🗑
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| show | Blood
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| show | neurons
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| ___ are highly cellular, well vascularized tissues that are responsible for most types of body movement. | show 🗑
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| Three types of muscle tissue. | show 🗑
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| show | skeletal muscle
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| show | muscle fibers
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| show | cardiac muscle
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| show | Smooth muscle
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| show | voluntary muscle; involuntary muscle.
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| show | cutaneous membrane
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| show | Mucous membrane
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| show | Serous membrane
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| ___ is replacement of destroyed tissue with the same kind of tissue, whereas ___ involved proliferation of fibrous connective tissue called ____. | show 🗑
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| Steps of tissue repair. | show 🗑
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| ___ is not part of the skin but it shares some of skin protective functions, and it is also called ____. | show 🗑
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| show | epidermis
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| The cell populating the epidermis include: ____, ___, ___, and ___. | show 🗑
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| The chief role of ___ is to produce ___, the fibrous protein that helps give the epidermis it's protective properties. | show 🗑
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| ____, the spider-shaped epithelial cells that synthesize the pigment ____, are found in the deepest layer of the epidermis. | show 🗑
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| show | epidermal dendritic cells; Langerhans
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| ___ are present at the epidermal dermal junction. Shaped like a spiky hemisphere, it is associated with a disclike sensory nerve ending. | show 🗑
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| ____, which covers the palms, fingertips, and soles of the feet, the epidermis consist of five layers, or strata. | show 🗑
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| show | thin skin
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| show | Stratum basale (basal layer), stratum spinosum (prickly layer), stratum granulosum (Granular layer), Stratum lucidum (clear layer), stratum corneum (horny layer).
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| ___, the deepest epidermal layer, is attached to the underlying dermis along a wavy borderline that reminds one of corrugated cardboard. | show 🗑
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| show | Stratum spinosum (prickly layer)
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| show | Stratum granulosum (granular layer)
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| The ____ appears as a thin translucent band just above the stratum granulosum. It consists of two or three rows of clear, flat, deat, keratinocytes with indistinct boundaries. | show 🗑
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| The outermost ____ is a broad zone 20-30 cell layers thick that accounts for up to three-quarters of the epidermal thickness. | show 🗑
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| ___, the second major skin region, is strong, flexible connective tissue. Its cells are typical of those found in any connective tissue proper: fibroblast, macrophages, and occasional mast cells and white blood cells. | show 🗑
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| ___ is richly supplied with nerve fibers, blood vessels and lympathic vessels. | show 🗑
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| The dermis has two layer, the ____ and ____. | show 🗑
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| The thin superficial ___ is areolar connective tissue in which fine interlacing collagen and elastic fibers form a loosely woven mat that is heavily invested with small blood vessels. | show 🗑
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| show | reticular layer
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| show | flexure lines
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| show | melanin, carotene, and hemoglobin
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| ___ is a polymer made of tyrosine amino acids. Its two forms range in color from yellow to tan to reddish-brown to black. | show 🗑
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| show | carotene
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| show | hemoglobin
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| show | nails, sweat glands, sebaceous (oil) glands, and hair follicles and hair.
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| ___ are distributed over the entire skin surface except the nipples and parts of the external genitalia. | show 🗑
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| There are two types of sweat glands, ___ and ___. | show 🗑
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| show | eccrine sweat glands or merocrin sweat glands
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| ___, approximately 2000 of them are largely confined to the axillary and anogenital areas. they are merocrine glands which release their product by exocytosis like the eccrine sweat glands. | show 🗑
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| show | ceruminous glands
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| show | mammary glands
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| The ___ are simple branched alveolar glands that are found all over the body except in the thick skin of palms and soles. | show 🗑
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| show | Hair or pili
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| show | cuticle
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| ___ fold down from the epidermal surface into the dermis. | show 🗑
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| The deep end of the follicle, located about 4mm below the skin surface, is expanded, forming a ___. A knot sensory nerve endings called a ___. | show 🗑
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| show | connective tissue root sheath; epithelial rooth sheath
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| __, a nipple-ike but of dermal tissue, protrudes into the hair bulb. It contains a know of capillaries that supplies butrients to the growing hair and signals it to grow. | show 🗑
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| The cells that compose the ___, or actively dividing area of the hair bulb that produces the hair, originate in a region called the ___ located a fraction of a millimeter of the hair bulb. | show 🗑
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| Associated with each hair follicle is a bundle of smooth muscle cells called an ___. | show 🗑
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| ____ is a scalelike modification of the epidermis that forms a clear protective covering on the dorsal surface of the distal part of a finger or toe. | show 🗑
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| The thickened proximal portiion of the nail bed, called the ___, is responsible for nail growth. | show 🗑
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| show | nail folds
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| Functions of itegumentary system or skin. | show 🗑
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| The ___ include skin secretion and melanin. Although the skin's surface teems the bacteria, the low pH of skin secretions--the so called acid mantle--retards their multiplication. | show 🗑
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| ___ are provided by the cuntinuity of skin and the hardness of its keratinized cells. The skin is remarkable compromise. | show 🗑
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| ___ include the dendritic cells of the epidermis, macrophages in the dermis, and DNA itself. | show 🗑
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