MicroBiology Chapter One Prof Venuti
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| show | 1.Decompose organic waste
2.Are PRODUCERS in the ecosystem by photosynthesis
3.Produce industrial chemicals such as ethyl alcohol and acetone
4.Produce fermented food ie:vinegar,cheese, and bread
5Produce products used in manufacturing and treatment
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| show | The system of naming (nomenclature) we now use was established by Carolus Linnaeus
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| Scientific nomenclature assigns each organism two names, what are they? | show 🗑
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| The Three Domains are? | show 🗑
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| Name Archaea: Cell type, Cell wall and Antibiotic Senstivity: | show 🗑
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| show | Prokaryote, Contains peptidoglycan, Yes antibiotic sensitive
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| show | Eukaryote, Varies in composition; Contains carbohydrates, No Antibiotic Sensitivity
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| Name the Five Kingdoms | show 🗑
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| show | 1. Prokaryotic Cells have NO true nucleus or nuclear membrane.
2. Eukaryotic Cells have a true nucleus and nuclear membrane.
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| show | a. Unicellular prokaryotes (genetic material is not enclosed in a nuclear membrane)
b. Many shapes: cocci (spherical), bacilli(rodlike), and spiral
c. Motile or Nonmotile
d. Reproduce by:Binary Fission
e. Peptidoglyan incell wall
f. Diverse nutrition
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| show | a. Prokaryotes
b. Lack peptidoglycan, live in extreme environments
c. Include methanogens, extreme halophiles, extreme thermophiles
d. unusual metabolisms high temps, salt envir. and methane
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| show | a. Unicellular or multicellular eukaryotes
b. Chitin in their cell wall
c. Include molds(multicellular,lots of filaments), mushroom, and yeast(unicellular reproduce by budding)
d. Obtain nutrients through special structures (hyphae)
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| Describe Protists or Protozoa: | show 🗑
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| Describe Algae: | show 🗑
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| show | a. Noncellular; obligate intracellular parasites
b. EITHER DNA or RNA core (never both) surrounded by a protein coat.(sometimes this coat is encased in an additional layer called an envelope).
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| show | a.Eukaryote
B. Multicellular Animals
c.Parasitic flatworms and roundworms are called Heminths
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| show | Cell Theory: All living things are composed of boxes or cells.
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| show | Observed LIVE MICROBES with a simple magnifying lens
First to see live microbes
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| show | Debate over Spontaneous Generation
Maggots/Meat in 6 jars experiment.
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| John Needham is known for: | show 🗑
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| Lazzaro Spallanzani is known for: | show 🗑
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| Rudolf Virchow is known for: | show 🗑
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| show | a. Disproved Spontaneous generation
b. S-shape flask trapped airborne microbes
c. Pasteurization (prevention of microbe contamination)
d. Fermentation (conversion of sugar to alcohol)
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| show | That a specific microbe can invade other organisms and causes a specific disease.
Proved by Robert Koch
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| show | He applied phenol or carbonic acid disinfectant to surgical dressings.
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| show | He showed the importance of handwashing to reduce puerperal (childbirth fever) infections.
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| show | Bacillus anthrcis, or anthrax
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| show | 1.The SAME path mustbe isolated in every case of disease.
2.The path mustbe isolatd from animal+grown in PURE culture.
3.The path must CAUSE the disease when inoculatd in healthy animal
4.The path mustbe isolatd from animal+mustbe the ORIGINAL organism
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| show | Developed smallpox vaccine from cowpox
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| show | treatment with chemicals
Synethetic drugs or antibiotics are used to treat infectious diseases
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| Paul Ehrlich is known for: | show 🗑
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| show | Discovery of pennicillin
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| show | A. Bacteriology
B. Mycology
C. Parasitology
D. Immunology
E. Virology
F. Recombinant DNA Technology
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| Define Bacteriology: | show 🗑
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| show | The study of fungi.
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| show | chemicals produced by bacteria and fungi that inhibit or kill bacteria.
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| Define Parasitology: | show 🗑
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| show | The study of immunity.
Vaccines and interferons to prevent and cure viral diseases.
Use immunology to identify some bacteria (looks at antigens and antibodies)
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| show | The study of viruses.
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| show | Inserted animal DNA into bacterial DNA and bacteria made an animal protein
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| show | The relationship of microbes to the environment.
Microbes are decomposers of dead plants and animals.
Bacteria recycle vital elements and nutrients
Nitrogen, carbon, and oxygen cycle
Sewage treatment
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| show | Classified Streptococci according to serotypes based on cell walls of bacteria.
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| show | Bacteria degrade or detoxify pollutants such as oil and mercury.
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| Define Biological Insecticide: | show 🗑
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| show | Biotechnology, uses microbes to produce foods and chemicals.
using Genetic engineering bacteria and fungi can produce a variety of proteins
Genetically modified bacteria are used to protect crops from freezing and insects.
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| show | New diseases and diseases increasing in incidence.
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| Name at least two EIDs: | show 🗑
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| show | Protein that causes infections
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| What is resistance? | show 🗑
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| What is a Pathogen? | show 🗑
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| What is a Susceptible Host? | show 🗑
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| List 3 practical applications of microbiology in human lives. | show 🗑
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| Describe the Bacteria Domain: | show 🗑
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| Describe the Archaea domain: | show 🗑
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| show | Eukarya domain contains eukaryotes such as animals, plants, fungi, and protists. These organisms have a true nucleus
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| show | Algae are photosynthetic eukaryotes that contain cellulose in their cell walls. Fungi are eukaryotes that are not photosynthetic and they contain chitin in their cell walls.
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| show | Bacteria are unicellular prokaryotes that lack a nucleus and possess peptidoglycan cell walls. Fungi can be unicellular or multicellular eukaryotes with a true nucleus; they have chitin in their cell walls.
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| show | Bacteria reproduce by binary fission while fungi reproduce by spores. Bacteria are unicellular prokaryotes while viruses are not cellular. Viruses are intracellular parasites.
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| Distinguish between normal microbiota and pathogens | show 🗑
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| Describe distinguishing characteristics of prokaryotes. | show 🗑
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| Who was the first to see microrganisms | show 🗑
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| Who disproved spontaneous generation and proved biogenesis. He also developed pasteurization and discovered the process of fermentation. | show 🗑
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| Who proved the Germ Theory of Disease. | show 🗑
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| show | Ignaz Semmelweis
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| Who developed the smallpox vaccine? | show 🗑
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| show | Joseph Lister
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| show | Alexander Fleming
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| Name the genus of the bacteria that Barry Marshall suggested as the cause of gastric ulcers in 1981. | show 🗑
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| show | Flesh eating - extensive tissue damage
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| show | E. Coli O157:H7
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| show | Techniques that keep areas free of unwanted microbes.
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