Cards for the Biology B3 GCSE 2012
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| show | When Minerals and Ions have to be transported against the concentration gradient (From Low to High Concentration)
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| The energy for Active Transport comes from where | show 🗑
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| show | It contracts and Flattens
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| When you exhale, what happens to the diaphragm | show 🗑
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| show | It decreases
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| show | - They have a large surface are to allow for more gaseous exchange (Both CO2 and O2) – The alveoli have a large blood supply, so the gases reach the bloodstream faster – The alveoli are only 1 cell thick, to allow for fast diffusion into the bloodstream
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| What are the adaptations of the Villi to allow for fast diffusion (3 Things) | show 🗑
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| show | They have a large surface area when in water, so the diffused oxygen within the water can be diffused into the gills fast – They don’t work in air because the stick together and the fish suffocates
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| How do insects respire | show 🗑
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| What is the name of the term for plants losing water vapour | show 🗑
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| show | They have guard cells on the bottom of the leaf also the waxy cuticle is waterproof and gas-proof at night they can’t perform photosynthesis, so the stomata close, locking in the water vapour and gases, reducing the loss of water due to transpiration
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| What conditions increase the rate of transpiration (3 things) and generally, why do they | show 🗑
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| The loss of water and transport of water through the xylem is called what | show 🗑
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| show | It allows them to reduce their surface area and water loss when they are losing water faster than gaining it, meaning the plant survives
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| What are the 3 main components of the circulatory system | show 🗑
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| show | Double Circulation
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| What are the 2 separate blood systems within the human body | show 🗑
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| show | They transport blood AWAY from the heart, also its how you find your pulse, from them moving due to one pump of blood from the heart, red in colour
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| What do the veins do | show 🗑
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| show | They allow for solutes within the blood to be diffused into the body, they are 1 cell thick to allow for fast diffusion
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| show | (Cardiac) Muscle
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| show | Plasma
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| show | In the Plasma
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| show | It is filtered from the blood within the kidneys, where it is diluted to make urine, the other solutes carry on around the blood system
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| What is the function of red blood cells | show 🗑
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| How are red blood cells adapted for their job | show 🗑
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| show | A lack of iron causes it, it means there is a reduced Red Blood Cell count
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| Cellular respiration formula | show 🗑
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| What 4 changes happen when you are exercising | show 🗑
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| What is anaerobic respiration | show 🗑
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| What is the equation for anaerobic respiration | show 🗑
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| Why is the breathing rate still high after exercise | show 🗑
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| Why are the kidneys necessary for cells to live | show 🗑
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| When the kidneys reabsorb certain minerals and amounts of water, what is this called | show 🗑
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| How much sugar passes through the kidneys into the urine after exercise and while not doing exercise | show 🗑
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| show | A Dialysis Machine
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| show | About 8 hours
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| show | It extends their life expectancy compared to kidney failure.
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| What are the disadvantages of dialysis | show 🗑
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| Where is a transplanted kidney put | show 🗑
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| What are the names of the drugs given to organ receivers (After the operation) and why are they bad | show 🗑
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| show | About 9 Years
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| show | By Diffusion
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| The lungs are in the upper part of the body (___) and are protected by the ____. They are separated from the rest of the body by the ____. | show 🗑
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| show | The breathing system takes AIR out of the body so that OXYGEN from the air can DIFFUSE into the bloodstream and CARBON DIOXIDE can diffuse into and out of the blood.
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| show | Through diffusion.
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| show | Root Hair cells
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| show | They have a flattened shape, and internal air spaces.
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| What controls the stomata? | show 🗑
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| show | Carbon dioxide to the lungs, Soluble products of digestion and urea from the kidneys.
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| show | 1) The donor kidney must have the same donor type.
2) Immunosuppressants are used.
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| show | It is the theory that life comes from life, i.e. Life cannot just appear, it has to come from somewhere
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| (Yeast/Bacteria)are used in the production of cheese. (Yeast/Bacteria)are used in the production of bread and alcoholic drinks. | show 🗑
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| Is yeast a single celled organism? | show 🗑
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| show | Without oxygen, yeast can produce carbon dioxide and ethanol, this is called fermentation.In the oxygen, yeast produces carbon dioxide and water.Aerobic
respiration provides more energy and is necessary for the yeast to
reproduce
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| show | The Carbs (Starch) in the barley. This is called malting.
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| show | The natural sugars in the grapes.
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| What 3 steps make yoghurt? | show 🗑
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| show | 1) An air supply
2) A Stirrer to maintain the temperature and to keep the microorganisms in suspension.
3) A Water Jacket to remove heat produced by their respiration.
4) Instruments to monitor temperature and pH.
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| show | Penicillium, it starts to make penicillin after most of the nutrients it has have been used up.
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| What fungus makes mycoprotein? | show 🗑
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| show | Biogas, or methane.
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| Would waste from sewage works, or sugar factories ever be used in a biogas generator? | show 🗑
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| What can be produced by the anaerobic fermentation of sugar cane juices and from glucose derived from maize starch by the action of carbohydrase? | show 🗑
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| What 3 things help to keep petri dishes sterile? | show 🗑
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| show | As it greatly reduces the chance of pathogens forming.
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| In industry, why are temperatures over 25C used? | show 🗑
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| Apart from faster blood flow, what happens with faster bloodflow? | show 🗑
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| During excercise, what stores are used? | show 🗑
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| show | They fatigue and become less efficient.
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| Why is anaerobic respiration worse than aerobic respiration? | show 🗑
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| show | 1) It filters the blood
2) It reabsorbs ALL the sugar
3) It reabsorbs all of the ions required by the body
4) It reabsorbs as much water as needed
5) It releases the urea, excess ions and water as urine.
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| show | True.
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| show | The same concetration, to allow excess ions and water to be removed.
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