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CPT-1 FINAL EXAM

Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in each of the black spaces below before clicking on it to display the answer.
        Help!  

Question
Answer
What is ASPT   show
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What is AMT   show
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show American Society of Clinical Pathologist (national certifying organization)  
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show National Phlebotomy Association (national certifying oranization)  
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show National Center for Competency Testing (National certifying organization)  
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show National Healthcareer Association (national certifying organization)  
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How many CEU units do you need every two years to renew your state phlebotomy license?   show
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Define Certification   show
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define Licensure   show
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define Reciprocity   show
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show Dedicated to maintaining high standards  
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show ability to understand another's feelings  
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define discretion   show
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define diplomacy   show
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define confidentiality   show
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show moral duty to determine the difference between right and wrong  
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define honesty   show
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show verbal, non verbal, and active listening  
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define compassion   show
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define dependability   show
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show being responsible for your actions  
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what does the LABORATORY DIRECTOR do   show
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show Day to day operations of lab... liaison between director and lab staff  
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What do TECHNICAL SUPERVISORS do   show
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show Clinical laboratory scientist  
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show Directs work of other lab staff...MAINTAIN QA standards ...  
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How do you become a CLS   show
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show Medical laboratory technicians  
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show Clinical Laboratory tecnicians  
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What do MLT/CLT do   show
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What do Blood bank technologist do   show
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What are the major divisions within laboratory departments   show
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What is the purpose of the chemistry dept.   show
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What is the purpose of microbiology dept.   show
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show Determines the antigen-antibody reaction of the body (identifies bacterial growth in blood culture bottles)  
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What is the purpose of the blood bank dept.   show
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show cam be performed in sevaral areas of the lab 3parts..PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL, MICROSCOPIC ex. of test....CLEAN CATCH SPECIMEN TEST  
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CLSI use to be called what   show
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What is CLSI   show
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What does CLSI do   show
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What is CAP   show
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show Sets standards for phlebotomy ...Proficiency testing/lab testing by pathologist and CLSs.....Compares results to labs across country  
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Define JCAHO   show
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show Accrediting agency for hospitals and nursing homes ..inspects every two years ..ENFORCE STANDARDS ESABLISHED BY CLSI ..WORKS WITH CAP to provide lab accreditation  
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Define CLIA   show
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show Enacted by congress to regulate all labs..Include guidelines ...QUALITY CONTROL..QUALITY ASSURANCE...RECORD KEEPING,,PERSONAL QUALIFICATIONS NO AN ORGANIZATION  
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What is the objective of CLIA program   show
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show Invasion of the body with pathogenic(diease causing) bacteria, fungi,viruses, protozoa or parasites  
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What is the primary goal of infection control program   show
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show Pathogenic Organisms in blood that cause disease  
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show Piercing mucous membranes or skin barriers  
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What is the CHAIN OF INFECTION   show
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Define Pathogen   show
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give ex. of an infectious agent   show
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give ex. of RESERVOIR   show
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give ex. of EXIT PATHWAY   show
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show airborne, contact, droplet, vector, vehicle  
🗑
give ex. of ENTRY PATHWAY   show
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give ex. of susceptible host   show
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What is a NOSOCOMIAL INFECTION   show
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What is a common nosocomial infection   show
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show OSHA and established by CDC .center of disease control  
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show 30min  
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to disinfect equipment and surfaces use   show
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show Skin and mucous membranes  
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define STRICT ISOLATION   show
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Define Enteric Isolation   show
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define Contact Isolation   show
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define Protective/reverse/neutropenic isolation   show
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show for patients with diseases spread by droplets that are smaller than 5micrometers example of diseases (TB) Varicela zoster (chicken pox) and measels (SPECIAL REQUIRMENT.NEGATIVE PRESSURE ROOM)  
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show for patients with diseases spread droplets that are larger than 5 micrometers (example PERTUSSIS..meningitis, German measles  
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show occupational Safety and health administration  
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What is the purpose of OSHA   show
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show DUST PAN  
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show 2/3 full  
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what is the function of the Adrenal Glands   show
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show Aloow for diffusion between air and blood  
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show Fluid from the AMONIOTIC SAC  
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what is the AORTA   show
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what are ARTERIES   show
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show Smaller branches of the arteries  
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What is the ATRIA   show
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show The transport blood ..Include ARTERIES ARTERIOULES CAPILLARIES VENULES and VEINS  
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show Microscopic, Unicellular blood Vessels linking arteriols to venules  
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What does the INFERIOR VENA CAVA do?   show
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What does the lymphatic system do   show
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show fluid from the abdominal cavity  
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What is PLEURAL FLUID   show
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What is the function of the superior vena cava   show
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show fluid from joints  
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show carry deoxygenated blood towards the heart  
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what are venules   show
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show they are the lower chambers of the heart  
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show test to assess PLATELET PLUG formation in CAPILLARIES (pre surgical)  
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What is BUFFY COAT   show
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show a test that categorizes blood cells and abnormalities present  
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what does EDTA do   show
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Hematocrit is also known as   show
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what are LYMPHOCYTES   show
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what are MONOCYTES   show
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What is plasma   show
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what is platelets   show
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show it is the liquid portion of CLOTTED blood  
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show Localized leakage of blood into tissues (most common complication of phlebotomoy)  
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define OCCLUDED VEIN   show
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Define Sclerosed Vein   show
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show Presence of bacteria in the blood  
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What is the purpose of C&S test   show
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show ova and parasites  
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show Presence of bacterial toxins  
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show condition when blood pH is below 7.35  
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define ALKALOSIS   show
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What is a BUN TEST   show
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define LIPEMIC   show
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show glucose test performed after ingestion of a meal  
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show when tests are ordered and specimens are collected and prepared for testing  
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show therapeutic drug monitoring  
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what is the purpose of Citrate   show
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show substance that makes up a clot  
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show prevents blood clotting by inactivating thrombin and prothrombin  
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what is BASAL STATE   show
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show department of Health Services  
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What is a Fistula   show
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show rupture of erthrocytes  
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define metabolic acidosis   show
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define metabolic alkalosis   show
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what is the purpose of OSHA   show
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what is the purpose of QC quality control   show
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show quantity not sufficient  
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If you leave a tourniquet for more than one minute it can cause   show
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define ANATOMY   show
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define Physiology   show
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show Study of disease and how it affects the body  
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show provided information about vital bodily function  
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Blood is the primary means of transport for   show
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show a REQUISITION  
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a requisition can be written in what ways   show
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what information may not be found on a requisition   show
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show DISCARD  
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show Evacuated tube method (straight needle)....Butterfly Method...Syringe Method  
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show anticoagulant or preservative  
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show ANTICOAGULANT: sodium citrate Prevents coagulation by binding Ca+ ex. of test....PT, PTT  
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show No additive ..Commonly Requested tube .. (SEROLOGY, SERUM CHEMISTRY TESTS) ex. of test Cholesterol  
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Tiger Top (SST)   show
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show Clot Activator..Gel Separator (SEROLOGY, SERUM CHEMISTRY TESTS)  
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Green Tube   show
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show Anticoagulant: Sodium or K+ EDTA ..Prevents clotting by binding Ca2+ ..Prevents platelet aggregation (clumping) ..Preserves the shape of the cells ..CANNOT be used for coagulation studies Tests: CBC (HEMATOLOGY STUDIES) "preserves glucose up to 5d  
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show Contains an anticoagulant and a preservative .. Anticoagulant=POTASSIUM OXALATE Binds Ca2+..Preservative: SODIUM FLOURIDE ..Ihibits the glycolytic activity in cells .. Tests collected EX. Glucose, ETOH (CHEMISTRY TEST)  
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Pink Tube   show
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Black Tube   show
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show Additive: either no additive, sodium heparin, or EDTA ... Used for trace metal assays "TOXICOLOGY STUDIES"  
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Brown Tube   show
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show additive: anticoagulant SPS.. Used for Blood Cultures MUST BE STERILE  
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show study of blood and blood forming tissues (includes are of hemostasis)  
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average person has how many liters of blood   show
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show liquid portion-plasma .....Cellular portion-RBC ,WBC, Platelets(thrombocytes)  
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show CBC complete blood count  
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What is Erthrocyte Sedimentation Rate ESR   show
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what are the 4 main tests to determine hemostasis?   show
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What are some specialized Chemistry Areas   show
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show any time of the day  
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First Voided specimen is collected when?   show
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Timed specimen must be collected when?   show
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Clean-catch midstream specimen   show
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A 24hr urine specimen must be collected in ?   show
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What are RARE complications of venipuncture   show
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show 5-10%  
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What is the reason for a dermal puncture on an adult   show
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When is skin puncture inappropriate   show
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Most common size for adults on a skin puncture is   show
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skin puncture size on premature infants are   show
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show due to accumulation of tissue (interstitial) fluid  
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If a bone is punctured what may occur   show
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what are the two most commonly used finger sites on adults for a fingerstick   show
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Why is the index finger not used for a finger stick   show
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What is the CAPILLARY ORDER OF DRAW   show
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What is the appropriate depth lancet for this size of infant: 1-2kg(2.2-4.4 lbs.)   show
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show 1.0-2.0mm  
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show 2.0-2.4mm "GREATER THAN 2.4mm MAY CAUSE OSTEOMYELITIS AND PERMANENT DAMAGE TO THE INFANTS FOOT"  
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show Eutectuc Mixture of local Anesthetic, is used to relieve pain  
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show blood leaks from vein or capillaries and collects in tissues around puncture site  
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Removal of tourniquet AFTER removal of needle can cause   show
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show Tiny red spots that appear under the skine and sign of platelet defects or week capillary walls (can be an indication of broken/bruised capillaries)  
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show Possible latex allergy  
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Who should you contact if bleeding does not stop after 5min   show
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show Coumadin, Heparin (patient can have excessive bleeding as well due to clotting disorders)  
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show INFECTIONS  
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show Altered  
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If a patient has double mastectomy (each on one arm) ..what site would you perform a venipuncture   show
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Edema   show
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show Mans fist  
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show 60-80 times/min  
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What is the SEPTUM   show
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show outer double walled sac to prevent friction  
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show the Superior and Inferior Vena Cava  
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the LEFT ATRIUM filles with blood from the   show
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show Ventricles  
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show Interatrial septum  
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Ventricles receive blood from   show
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show Blood  
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show Pulmonary artery  
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show the interventricular septum  
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show wave of impulses through muscle of atria (where heart begins)  
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show sends impulses goes down the bundle of his-> R & L bundle branches ->Purkinje fibers-> Ventricles  
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Define Diastole   show
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show Contraction phase of cardiac cycle (VENTRICLES CONTRACT AND PUSH BLOOD THROUGH PULMONARY VALVE AND AORTIC VALVE TO DISTRIBUTE BLOOD TO LUNGS AND BODY)  
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The heart is controlled by   show
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show BELOW 60  
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show Above 100  
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Tunica Adventitia is   show
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Tunica Media is   show
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show Inner layer, single later of endothelial cells, connetive tissue, and elastic fibers (smoothness prevents abnormal blood clotting)  
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show 5-6 liters of blood  
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show 4-5 liters of blood  
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show 2.8(55%) of plasma and 1.9 liters (45%) of cells  
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Plasma is composed of   show
🗑
show same components as plasma EXCEPT FIBRINOGEN  
🗑
show Dark green/yellow  
🗑
show Pink/Red  
🗑
What color is LIPEMIC )liquid component)   show
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Erthrocytes have a life spam of   show
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show PHAGOCYTES..they are the first responders to infection and have 3-5 lobed nucleus (fine light blue cytoplasmic granules) "45-70% in the body"  
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Eosinophils are   show
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show DARK PURPLE-BLUE cytoplasmic granules..they have irregular S-shaped nucleus and dduring inflammation it releases histamine to dialte blood vessls(granules contain heparin and histamine) "0-1% in the body"  
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Lymphocytes are   show
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show Non-granular cytoplasm...KIDNEY BEANED SHAPED..PURPLE NUCLEUS ....phagocyte and becomes macrophage ...it is the LARGEST WBC ..."4-10% in the body"  
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show it retracts after blood clot has formed ..transports needed chemical for clotting ...it has a life span of 9-12days  
🗑
show A substance that is produced by the body in response to an antigen  
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RBCs with A antigen =   show
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RBCs with B antigen =   show
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RBCs with A and B antigen =   show
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RBCs without A or B antigen =   show
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show Rh+  
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ABSENCE of D antigeens designate as   show
🗑
show neglect or failure to perform an obligation  
🗑
show Rights that every patients has while undergoing treatment  
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show the period after the incident that a patient has to file a lawsuit (may begin after the problem is discovered)  
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show wrongful act(other than breach of contract) .."committed against another person or property"  
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show The ordinary skill and care that medical practitioners such as physicians, nurses and phlebotomists must use that is commonly used by other medical practitioners when caring for patients  
🗑
define Negligence   show
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deinfe Proximate cause   show
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show Latin phrase that means “the thing speaks for itself” • This is a doctrine of negligence law  
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define Respondeat superior   show
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show Legislative, executive, and judicial  
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what are the three levels of law   show
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show • Violation of duty to not exercise reasonable skill and care when performing a task • Failure to perform professional duties in an accepted standard of care  
🗑
show BAD PRACTICE ...Professional negligence, improper or unskillful care of a patient  
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What are the 4D's if Negligence   show
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If a phlebotomist becomes infected with HIV during employment, he/she will be covered by   show
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show • Health Insurance Portability and Accountability • Protects the privacy and security of a person’s health information when that information  
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In order for a provider to use or disclose PHI, the hospital/lab must give each patient a   show
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show Waived (level I)....Moderate (level II)...High (level III)  
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show • Simple testing that requires minimum judgment or interpretation • Incorrect test results pose little risk for the patient • Examples – Dipstick urinalysis – Pregnancy testing  
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What is MODERATE (level II)   show
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show • High complexity of testing • Highly sophisticated tests • High risk to patient if there is an incorrect test result • Certified by approved accrediting agency • Requires CLS or higher discipline • Must meet quality assurance standards  
🗑
show Improperly mixed tubes causing clots in EDTA microtubes  
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a specimen for sedimentation rate is only stable for...?   show
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What is MINOR MISLABELING   show
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what is MAJOR MISLABELING   show
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56% of lab errors occur during what phase   show
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show Improper patient identification  
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An impatient should be asked to state his/her name, address, DOB and or unique ID number according to whos standards   show
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show 10-12 hours of complete fasting  
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How long do you pre-warm a site for capillary collection   show
🗑
show CLSI  
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What happens if you under-fill a EDTA TUBE?   show
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What happens if you under-fill blue top tubes   show
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What two analytes must be protected from the light?   show
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aPTT should be tested within...?   show
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show 48 HOURS (at room temperature)  
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Blood cultures are essential in the diagnosis of ..   show
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show To detect the presence of bacteria or yeast  
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What happens if a patient comes back with a positive blood culture?   show
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Septicemia may cause...?   show
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50% of all positive blood cultures may be positive due to the process of   show
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Intravascular   show
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show Vascualr access devides(atrial lines, central venous catheters, etc.) urinary catheters, needles, etc  
🗑
show Bacteria that exist momentarily in the bloodstream and then are engulfed by the cellular immune response  
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High risk contamination rates are an example of   show
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Define edema   show
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Hematoma   show
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show REMOVAL OF LYMPH NODES (high susceptibility to infections)  
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Sclerosed Veins   show
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show BELOW the insertion point ofthe IV LINE  
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show rule out a hereditary metabolic disorder  
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If BILIRUBIN levels are too high babies are placed on...?   show
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EACH newborn is kept in an   show
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show INFECTIONS  
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Always remove supplies from the isolette, ESPECIALLY ..?   show
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show DERMAL  
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show Children under 1year/20pounds  
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show Children from 1-2years  
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show VENIPUNCTURE  
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show LATROGENIC ANEMIA  
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EPA (environmental protective agency) recommends noise level in hospitals not to exceed ...?   show
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Dialysis is performed on patients with   show
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What happens during dialysis   show
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Venipunctures are prohibited from dialysis patients therefore you must perform..?   show
🗑
show 2 Identifiers  
🗑
show OSHA  
🗑
Tourniquet must be applied how many inches apart from the antecubital fossa   show
🗑
Why should you allow chlorhexidine to dry completely before beginning a venipuncture   show
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You should insert a needle at what angle   show
🗑
All tubes with additives must be properly mixed as quickly as possible to prevent...?   show
🗑
Examples of special handeling regarding "KEPT COLD SPECIMEN" include:   show
🗑
show Cold Agglutinins  
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show Bilirubin...Carotene  
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show Syncope...Nausea...Vomiting  
🗑
If bleeding continues for more than 5minutes call   show
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What are some communication strategies   show
🗑
show -THE SENDER(Person sending the message) -MESSAGE SENT(What the sender wants to convey) -SYMBOLS(How the sender communicates the message) -MESSAGE RECEIVED(How the message is perceived)  
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What is the measurement considered for "PERSONAL SPACE"   show
🗑
show 4ft.-12ft. (Most interactions of daily life)  
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What is the measurement considered for "PUBLIC SPACE"   show
🗑
What is the "Zone of Comfort"   show
🗑
show Treat patient as you would want yourself or a family member treated in a health care setting  
🗑
show System of values, beliefs and practices that stem from a person's concept to reality  
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Physical Impact of Stress can cause?   show
🗑
What are the early signs of stress   show
🗑
Immediate physical signs of stress are?   show
🗑
What are some coping strategies for stress   show
🗑
define ethics   show
🗑
show You are responsible for your actions  
🗑
Define Hemophilia   show
🗑
show tendency to clot  
🗑
Define Hemostasis   show
🗑
What are the 5 Steps of the hemostatic process   show
🗑
What is Primary Hemostasis   show
🗑
Define Vasoconstriction(Vascular Phase)   show
🗑
show Platelets become activated and aggregate at the site of injury, forming a temporary loose, platelet plug  
🗑
show Stabilizes the initially loose platelet plug, a sequence of enzymatic reaction is initiated which culminates in fibrin strands forming at the platelet plug  
🗑
What happens in the "Coagulation Phase"   show
🗑
show Proteins normally presented in the blood (most are produced by the liver) ...normally "turned off" (inactive)..."A" signals the factor in its "active" form of coagulation cascade  
🗑
What happens in the "Extrinsic Pathway"   show
🗑
What happens in the "Intrinsic Pathway"   show
🗑
show When factor Xa bigs to the platelet surface, a complex is formed composed of platelet phospholipid, calcium and factor Va...-Complex converts prothrombin to thrombin which in turn converts fibrinogen to fibrin  
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show Bodys ways of keeping coagulation from becoming excessive and occluding the blood vessels  
🗑
show FACTOR 7  
🗑
define the REGULATION STAGE   show
🗑
show D.V.T. (Deep Venouse Thrombosis) or P.E. (Pulmonary Embolism)  
🗑
show Hypercoagulable state due to inherited(heriditary/genetic) defects or acquired defects in one or several factors of the coagulation cascade  
🗑
FACTOR 1(fibrinogen) ...define .AFIBRINOGENEMIA   show
🗑
show Below normal levels of fibrinogen -treated by cryoprecipitate or FFP  
🗑
show altered structure of the fibrinogen molecule -usually asymptomatic but has been associated with both bleeding and thrombotic events  
🗑
explain ...FACTOR V (proaccelerin)GENE DEFECT   show
🗑
what does MTHFR do ?   show
🗑
deficiency of MTHFR causes ?   show
🗑
show deficiency of vitamin B6 and B12  
🗑
show keeps on activating thrombin to convert fibrinogen into a fibrin clot  
🗑
deficiency in vWF causes (FACTOR VIII)   show
🗑
Defect or absense of coagulant portion causes   show
🗑
show Increase in inflammation, stress, pregnancy and infectin which can lead to clot formation  
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What is the purpose of Quality Assurance   show
🗑
Quality Assurance is also known for   show
🗑
define T.A.T.   show
🗑
What is the purpose of P.I.   show
🗑
What is the overall goal of P.I.   show
🗑
Where does P.I. begin in a hospital setting   show
🗑
What are Logbooks   show
🗑
Define INCIDENT REPORTS   show
🗑
What is the purpose of incident reports   show
🗑
Define DELTA TEST   show
🗑
show Containcs information that lists the name of each test/procedure (useful to aid in consistency of testing for quality control purposes "AKA PROCEDURE, REFERENCE or TEST MANUAL)  
🗑
show Joint commission on accrediation of healthcare organization (PRIVATE NON-GOVERNMENT AGENCY)  
🗑
show Establishes guidelines for healthcare agencies regarding quality of care  
🗑
What is CQI   show
🗑
show Framework and management commitment to improve healthcare structure, processes, outcomes, and customer satisfaction  
🗑
What is the ultimate goal for CQI   show
🗑
what are the "Poor patient outcomes (5 D's)"   show
🗑
Define P.D.C.A.   show
🗑
What is the purpose of PDCA   show
🗑
show obtain accurate samples for analysis  
🗑
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) was established when ?   show
🗑
What is the goal of OSHA   show
🗑
Center of Disease Control establishes ?   show
🗑
What are Bloodborne Pathogens   show
🗑
show Jaundice (other symptoms may be ..fatigue abdominal pain, anorexia, nausea and vomiting)  
🗑
How many vaccines are required for Hep. B?   show
🗑
show Hepatitis C  
🗑
What are the symptoms for Hepatitis C   show
🗑
What are some symptoms for Human Immunodeficiency Virus   show
🗑
Define Prophylaxis   show
🗑
Highest number of phlebotomy injuries occur with ?   show
🗑
show deals with identification, study, and cultivation of bacteria and their application in medicine, agriculture, industry, and biotechnology  
🗑
What is Mycology   show
🗑
show The study of biological viruses  
🗑
show The study antigens and antibodies in serum (red top tubes, may base use as well for the detection of an antigen-antibody reaction)  
🗑
show The study of immune process and immunity (immunology lab IDs antibodies that are produced due to a disease state)  
🗑
show Meant to break chain of infection  
🗑
define asepsis   show
🗑
show Needs Oxygen, heat, and fuel  
🗑
What are the four categories of fires   show
🗑
show Paper, wood, cloth and plastics  
🗑
show Flammable solvents such as gases, oils, paints, and grease and an interaction with air and vapors  
🗑
show In or near electrical equipment  
🗑
show Combustible metals such as lithium and magnesium  
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What is the use of Class A FIRE EXTINGUISHERS   show
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show For fires from solvents and air-vapor mixtures (contains foam, dry chemical, or CO2)  
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What is the use of Class C FIRE EXTINGUISHERS   show
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show For computer fires  
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show Remove the patient, activate the alarm and alert other staff, contain or confine the fire by closing all doors, extinguish the fire if its safe to do so  
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show PULL the pin, AIM the nozzle just above the base of the fire, SQUEEZE the trigger of the extinguisher, SWEEP the nozzle over the fire  
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Any chemical that comes into contact with the skin or eyes must be treated   show
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show Detailed information about identity of chemical, physical characteristics, physical hazards and how to handle them, reactivity and dangerous reactions, health hazards, handling precautions and control measure (MUST BE KEPT IN A PROMINENT PLACE)  
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show Chemical Hygiene Plan  
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What are the four types of biological hazards and waste   show
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show flammable, poisonous  
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Cytotoxic drugs can be what type of hazard   show
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show Oxidizer and irritant  
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show Carcinogenic irritant  
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show Skin irritant, can compromise the respiratory tract  
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show Thyroid/renal disturbance  
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show poisonous, corrosive  
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Glutaraldehyde can be what type of hazard   show
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show Flammable, and can lead to tumors  
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What blood levels are HIGH in the morning ?   show
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show Eosinophil count, creatine, glucose, triglycerides  
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show Blood gases, gastrin, amoonia, lactic acid, renin  
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show Pink or red  
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Rupture of RBC membrane causes a leakage of hemoglobin which imparts a pink or red color to the serum/plasma and may affect values of certain tests like?   show
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show 8-10times  
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What is the Analytic phase   show
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show reporting results and follow up  
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What are the most common fasting specimens   show
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what is the purpost of Two-Hour Postprandial Glucose Test   show
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What is the purpose of a Glucose Tolerance Test   show
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show Diagnoses lactose intolerance  
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show determines the amount of GLYCOGEN stored in the liver (epinephrine helps break down glycogen stores and are used for energy when needed)  
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What is the purpose of Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM)   show
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show Aids in the diagnosis of SEPTICEMIA  
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show When FEVER SPIKES  
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show Assesses status of patient's hemostasis (detects platelet function disorders "PART OF STANDARD PRE-SURGICAL WORK UP"  
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show Capillary blood or blood from lavendar tube within 1hr or being drawn into tube (part of CBC)  
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What is Neonatal Screening? ...   show
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show Monitors patients respiration status (obtaines for measuring Po2, PCO2, and pH of blood..which tells the degree of oxygenation and acid base balance of blood.  
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show ETOH, Drug screening, DNA analysis  
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POINT OF CARE TESTING is performed where   show
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show Glucose level, PT, aPTT/PTT,cardiac enzymes (reduces TAT)  
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show Troponin, Amylase, lipase, ABG, BUN, Creatinine , Hct, Hgb, RBC Count  
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What is the duty of College of American Pathologist (CAP)   show
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What is the duty of CLSI   show
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What is the duty of JCAHO   show
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show Ensure quality lab testing  
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show has responsibiliyu of implementing CLIA program  
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