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ch 9, 15, 19, 20

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Question
Answer
show dorsal and ventral respiratory groups  
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what are the pontine resp. centers?   show
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show inspiratory neurons  
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show central chemoreceptors, peripheral chemoreceptors, stretch receptors, peripheral proprioceptors and higher brain centers  
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what can cause a temp. cessation of breathing   show
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what will readily diffuse across the blood-brain barrier   show
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when the blood pressure increases the aortic bodies and carotid bodies initiate reflexes that cause what?   show
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when are the peripheral chemoreceptors significantly activated?   show
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show low PO2,decreased pH,increased PCO2 and increase temperature  
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show peripherial vasoconstrictin, increased pulmonary vascular resistance, systemic arterial hypertension, tachycardia, and left ventricular performance  
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when are the peripheral chemoreceptors suppresed?   show
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show outside the CNS usually in the wall of the blood vessel.  
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what are the reflexes that influence ventilation?   show
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periferal proprioceptor reflexes   show
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where are the periferal properioceptors located   show
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show voluntary control; conscious control to change the rate and depth of breathing  
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what is the role of cerebral cortex in regulation of ventilation   show
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show glossopharyngeal nerve (9 cranial nerve) & the vagus nerve (10 cranial nerve)  
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which nerve innervates the aortic bodies   show
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show glossopharyngeal nerve  
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what is the most powerful stimulus known to influence the resp components of the medulla   show
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hering-breuer reflex   show
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where is the hering-breuer reflex located   show
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show trggers a rapid shallow breathing pattern  
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what stimulations the j receptors   show
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when the systemic blood pressue increases the aortic and carotid sinus barorecptors initiate reflexes that cause   show
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show excitement causes increase resp rate and increase body temp causes a decrease resp rate  
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show decreased pH (acidemia) Epinephrine, dopamine, norepeinephrine, histamine, mech vent, serotonin  
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what factors cause a decrease pvr   show
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what factors increase systemic vascular resistance?   show
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show nitroglyverin, morphine, septic shock (early stages), increased PCO2  
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show pulmonary emboli, tumor mass, emphysema, pneumothorax  
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what determines stroke volume   show
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show volume of blood ejected by the ventricles with each contraction  
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show sv= CO/HR= beats/min  
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which hemodynamic values are measured?   show
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show strok volume, stroke volume index, cardiac index, systemic vascular resistance, pulmonary vascular restistance, right ventricle stroke work index, left ventricle stroke work index  
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what is the normal range for central venous pressure?   show
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show 0-8 mmhg  
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what is the normal range for cardiac output   show
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normal range for mean pulmonary artery pressure   show
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normal range for pcwp   show
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normal range for stroke volume   show
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show 30-65 mL/beat/m^2  
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normal range for cardiac index   show
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show 7-12 g m/m^2  
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show 40-60g m/m^2  
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normal range for PVR   show
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normal range for svr   show
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show 1.5-2 m^2  
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stroke volume index equation   show
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show PVR  
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show SVR  
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show study of forces that influence the circulation of blood  
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SVI reflects   show
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show heart performance to the size of the individual  
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cardiac index equation   show
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show Epinepherine, norepinepherine, hyperthermia,dopamine,hypervolemia,decreased vascular resistance  
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show drugs ending in "lol" hypovolemia, mech vent, pulmonary emboli, increased vascular resistance  
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show PVR= (PA-PCWP/CO)x 80  
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show SVR= (MAP-CVP/CO) x80  
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show RVSWI= SVI*(PA-CVP)*0.0136  
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LVSWI   show
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at what altitude is the barometric pressure approx half of the sea level value   show
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show higher by 20-25%  
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show palpitation, dizziness, insomnia, nasuea, fatigue,  
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