10th grade Honors Biology
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| Active Immunity | The immunity that results from the production of antibodies by the immune system in response to the presence of an antigen
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| AIDS | Acquired immune deficiency syndrome, a disease in which there is a severe loss of the body's cellular immunity, greatly lowering the resistance to infection and malignancy
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| Antibody | A blood protein produced in response to and counteracting a specific antigen. Antibodies combine chemically with substances that the body recognizes as alien, such as bacteria, viruses, and foreign substances in the blood
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| Antigen | A toxin or other foreign substance that induces an immune response in the body, esp. the production of antibodies
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| Arthritis | Painful inflammation and stiffness of the joints
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| Asthma | A respiratory condition marked by spasms in the bronchi of the lungs, causing difficulty in breathing. It usually results from an allergic reaction or other forms of hypersensitivity
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| Autoimmune Disease | any of a large group of diseases characterized by abnormal functioning of the immune system that causes your immune system to produce antibodies against your own tissues
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| B-cell | A lymphocyte not processed by the thymus gland, and responsible for producing antibodies, *plasma cells, to make the antibodies
*memory cells, for future invasions
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| B-lymphocyte | (B lymphocytes) White blood cells that make antibodies and are an important part of the immune system. B lymphocytes come from bone marrow. Also called B cells.
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| marrow | A soft fatty substance in the cavities of bones, in which blood cells are produced (often taken as typifying strength and vitality)
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| capsid | The protein coat or shell of a virus particle, surrounding the nucleic acid or nucleoprotein core
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| core | Virus's genetic info (DNA and RNA)
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| cilia | A short, microscopic, hairlike vibrating structure.
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| helper T-cell | the specialized white blood cell that tells other parts of the immune system to combat infection or foreign material
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| histamine | A compound that is released by cells in response to injury and in allergic and inflammatory reactions, causing contraction of smooth muscle and dilation of capillaries
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| interferon | A protein released by animal cells, usually in response to the entry of a virus, that has the property of inhibiting virus replication
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| interleukin | Messenger molecule between the different cells of the immune system. Released by macrophages and cause body aches, chills, and fevers
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| killer T-cells | an immune system cell (cytotoxic lymphocyte) that directly kills other infected cells in the body (e.g., cancer cells, cells infected by a virus). Also called natural killer cells.
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| lymph system | system of vessels and glands in the body that circulates and cleans extracellular fluid
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| lysis | Breaking of cells after virus infection
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| lysogenic | Lysogeny is characterized by integration of the bacteriophage nucleic acid into the host bacterium's genome
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| Lysozyme | an enzyme found in saliva and sweat and tears that destroys the cell walls of certain bacteria
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| lytic | The lytic cycle is typically considered the main method of viral replication, since it results in the destruction of the infected cell.
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| macrophage | A type of white blood cell that engulf invading antigenic molecules, viruses, and microorganisms and then display fragments of the antigen to activate helper T cells; ultimately stimulating the production of antibodies against the antigen.
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| mast cell | The cells in the body that produce the chemical histamine, which causes allergy symptoms.
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| memory cell | A long-lived lymphocyte capable of responding to a particular antigen on its reintroduction, long after the exposure that prompted its production
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| nanometer | One billionth of a meter
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| natural killer cell | A lymphocyte able to bind to certain tumor cells and virus-infected cells without the stimulation of antigens, and kill them by the insertion of granules containing perforin
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| nonspecific immunity | A very general mechanism to protect against infections by preventing pathogens from entering the body.
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| parasite | An organism that lives in or on another organism (its host) and benefits by deriving nutrients at the host's expense
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| passive response | Antibodies from different source other than host.
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| phagocyte | A type of cell within the body capable of engulfing and absorbing bacteria and other small cells and particles
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| plasma cell | a cell that develops from a B lymphocyte in reaction to a specific antigen; found in bone marrow and sometimes in the blood
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| primary response | "Skin": Flexible barrier, oil and sweat create an acidic environment+contain lysozyme (enzyme that breaks cells) "Nose hairs": trap particles "Mucus" trap particles, some enzymes "Cilia" remove particles from throat
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| retrovirus | Any of a group of RNA viruses that insert a DNA copy of their genome into the host cell in order to replicate, e.g., HIV
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| secondary response | "inflammatory response" wbc/phagocytes i.e macrophages, natural killer cells kill pus/dead wbc)
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| specific defense | A very precise mechanism, targeting particular invaders by tracking down and destroying harmful pathogens that have entered the body.
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| suppressor t-cell | A kind of T cell that causes B cells, and other cells, to ignore antigens.
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| t-cell | One type of white blood cell that attacks virus infected cells, foreign cells, and cancer cells. T cells are immune system cells that develop in the thymus gland
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| thymus | A lymphoid organ situated in the neck of vertebrates that produces T cells for the immune system. The human thymus becomes much smaller at the approach of puberty
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| vaccine | A substance used to stimulate the production of antibodies and provide immunity against one or several diseases
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| virus | An infective agent that typically consists of a nucleic acid molecule in a protein coat, is too small to be seen by light microscopy, and is able to multiply only within the living cells of a host
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